Respiratory clinical Flashcards
1
Q
What glucocorticoids are used in the treatment of chronic asthma?
A
- Beclometasone
- Budesonide
2
Q
How is acute asthma treated?
A
SOS
- Nebulised or IV salbutamol (maybe methylxanthine)
- Oxygen
- Steroid: IV hydrocortisone or oral prednisolone
- IV magnesium sulphate (if patient does not improve)
3
Q
What are the side effects of Beta 2 agonists?
A
- Muscle pain / cramps
- Hypokalaemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Sympathomimetic effects
4
Q
Where should the hands be positioned to test pronator drift?
A
upwards
5
Q
What are some side-effects of corticosteroids?
A
- Oropharangeal candidiasis (can be reduced with spacer)
- Dysphonia (hoarseness)
- Systemic (osteoperosis, adrenal insufficiency, growth retardation)
6
Q
Give an example of a muscarinic receptor antagonist?
A
- Ipratropium (Short-acting)
- Tiotropium (long-acting)
7
Q
Give examples of obstructive lung diseases?
A
- Asthma
- COPD
- Bronchiectasis
- Cystic fibrosis
8
Q
What are examples of restrictive lung diseases?
A
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- Sarcoidosis
- Connective tissue disease related lung disease
9
Q
Common presentation of sarcoidosis?
A
- Black women
- Dry cough and SOB
- Hilar lymphadenopathy
- Erythema nodosum (nodules on shins)
- Pulmonary fibrosis and nodules
- 20% have systemic symptoms (liver, eyes, skin)
10
Q
What are 3 signs of asthma?
A
- Airway narrowing
- Airway hyper-responsiveness
- Airway inflammation
11
Q
What disease is alpha 1 antitryptin deficiency most commonly associated with?
A
COPD
