Respiratory Assessment

Question 1

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

Nasal Cavity
Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 2

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 2

Trachea
Left and Right lung
pericardium
diaphragm

Question 3

Diaphragm

Answer 3

a thin skeletal muscle that sits at the base of the chest and separates the abdomen from the chest.

Question 4

Muscles of inspiration/expiration

Answer 4

intercostals -between the ribs

Scalenes –up by the neck

Question 5

Cells of the respiratory system

Answer 5

goblet cell
submucosal gland
secretory cell

Question 6

pulmonary arteriole

Answer 6

flow of oxygen depleted blood that has returned to the heart

Question 7

Pulmonary venule

Answer 7

flow of freshly oxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 8

Beta 2 simtulation

Answer 8

leads to bronchodilation –> open airway

Question 9

ACh blocker

Answer 9

leads to bronchodilation –> open airways

Question 10

Functioning respiratory system relies on (3 things)

Answer 10

Alveolar ventilation, pulmonary perfusion, gas exchange

Question 11

Restrictive diseases

Answer 11

Inability to effectively breathe in: 
Interstitial lung disease
Infiltrative lung disease
Disorders of pleura or chest wall 
Surgical resection of lung 
Misc: pregnancy, obesity, ascites

Question 12

Obstructive diseases

Answer 12

inability to effectively breathe out:
Reduced FEV1/FVC ratio to less than 70%
Asthma
COPD

Question 13

Pathophysiology of asthma

Answer 13

contracted smooth muscle
inflammation and swelling
excess muscus
decreased lumen diameter

Question 14

Pathophysiology of COPD

Answer 14

walls of alveoli destroyed

bronchioles lose shape and are clogged with mucus

Question 15

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 15

Blood clot
Often forms in leg and migrates to lung
Occludes blood vessel in lung
Prevents effective gas exchange

Question 16

Acute cough

Answer 16

3 weeks or less

Question 17

Sub-acute cough

Answer 17

3-8 weeks

Question 18

Chronic cough

Answer 18

8 weeks or longer

Question 19

Productive vs. Non-productive cough

Answer 19

Productive is wet

non-productive is dry

Question 20

Effective vs. Ineffective cough

Answer 20

effective –> productive cough that gets phlegm out

Ineffective –> productive cough that doesn’t get phlegm out

Question 21

Orthopnea

Answer 21

shortness of breath when laying down

Question 22

Normal respiratory rate

Answer 22

14-18 BPM

Question 23

Tachypnea

Answer 23

> 18 BPM

Question 24

Bradypnea

Answer 24

<14 BPM

Question 25

Chest Palpation

Answer 25

Place hands on back Should move apart symmetrically with breaths

Question 26

Percussion of the posterior chest

Answer 26

Evaluates density of underlying tissue Areas of unusual density can indicate pathology

Question 27

Stethoscope: Bell vs Diaphragm

Answer 27

Bell --> low pitched sounds Diaphragm --> high pitched sounds

Question 28

Normal Bronchial sounds

Answer 28

Listen over trachea and larynx High pitched, loud Expiratory sounds > Inspiratory sounds

Question 29

Normal Bronchovesicular sounds

Answer 29

Listen over major bronchi or between scapula Medium pitch and intensity Sounds on inspiration equal in length to expiration

Question 30

Normal Vesicular sounds

Answer 30

Listen over smaller bronchioles and alveoli Low pitched and soft Inspiration > expiration

Question 31

Rales or Crackles

Answer 31

Short, popping sounds Most often heard during inhalation Can indicate: infection, inflammation, CHF

Question 32

Wheezes

Answer 32

high pitched, heard over airways

Question 33

Stridor

Answer 33

high pitched wheeze, heard over larynx

Question 33

Stridor

Answer 33

high pitched wheeze, heard over larynx

Question 34

Rhonchi

Answer 34

low pitched, snoring quality

Question 35

Friction Rub

Answer 35

Deep, harsh, grating sound Inspiration > expiration Caused by rubbing of visceral and parietal pleura

Question 36

Normal pH

Answer 36

7.35-7.45

Question 37

Normal PaO2

Answer 37

80-100 mmHg

Question 38

Normal PaCO2

Answer 38

35-45 mmHg

Question 39

Normal SaO2

Answer 39

92-100% on room air

Question 40

Tidal volume

Answer 40

volume in/out during normal resting breath

Question 41

Vital Capacity

Answer 41

highest volume you can breathe in/out

Question 42

Residual Volume

Answer 42

Air remaining in the lungs after biggest possible breath

Question 43

Total lung capacity

Answer 43

normal volume of an adult male lung

Question 44

FEV1

Answer 44

air pushed out in the 1st second after largest breath

Question 45

Normal FEV1/FVC ratio

Answer 45

>70%