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Med Surg 210 > respiratory and renal > Flashcards

respiratory and renal Flashcards

1
Q

the state in which the PaO2 has fallen sufficiently to cause S&S of inadequate oxygenation

A

hypoxia

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2
Q

a sudden and progressive form of acute respiratory failure in which the alveolar-capillary membrane becomes damaged and more permeable to intravascular fluid

A

ARDS- acute respiratory distress syndrome

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3
Q

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural spaces of the lungs

A

pleural effusion

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4
Q

anterior-poster or of forward bending of spine with convexity of curve in posterior direction

A

kyphosis

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5
Q

vibration of the chest wall produced by vocalization

A

fremitus

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6
Q

an abnormal condition with excessive levels of red blood cells

A

polycythemia

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7
Q

an abnormal condition of the pulmonary system characterized by overinflation and destructive changes in alveolar walls

A

emphysema

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8
Q

a lipoprotein that lowers the surface tension in the alveoli, reduces the amount of pressure needed to inflate the alveoli, and decreases the tendency of the alveoli to collapse

A

surfactant

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9
Q

an acute, life-threatening situation in which the lung alveoli become filled with serous or serosanguineous fluid, caused most commonly by heart failure

A

pulmonary edema

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10
Q

a creaking or grating sound from roughened, inflamed surfaces of the pleura rubbing together, evident during inspiration, expiration, or both and no change with coughing

A

pleural friction rub

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11
Q

an accumulation of purulent exudates in a body cavity, especially the pleural space, that results from bacterial infection, such as pleurisy or tuberculosis

A

empyema

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12
Q

a lateral S shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine

A

scoliosis

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13
Q

an acute inflammation of the lungs, often caused by inhaled pneumococci of the species Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

pneumonia

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14
Q

a form of rhonchus characterized by a continuous high-pitched squeaking sound caused by rapid vibration of bronchial walls

A

wheezes

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15
Q

vomiting of blood the indicates bleeding in the upper GI tract

A

hematemesis

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16
Q

a rapid accumulation of air in the pleural space causing severely hgh intrapleural pressures with resultant tension on the heart and great vessels

A

tension pneumothorax

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17
Q

antibody mediated immunity

A

humoral immunity

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18
Q

greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood; also called hypercarbia

A

hypercapnia

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19
Q

a rare progressive neurologic disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons and by weakness and atrophy of the muscles of the hands, forearms, and legs, spreading to involve most of the body and face

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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20
Q

low oxygen tension in the blood characterized by a variety of nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms

A

hypoxemia

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21
Q

a techinque of exhaling against pursed lips to prolong exhalation, preventing bronchiolar collapse and air trapping

A

pursed-lip breathing

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22
Q

a malignant condition characterized by proliferation of abnormal giant, multinucleated cells, called Reed Sternberg cells, which are located in lymph nodes

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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23
Q

an uncontrolled leakage of urine; can be caused by anthing that interferes with bladder or urethral sphincter control, including confusion or depression, infection, atrophic vaginitis, urinary retention, restricted mobility, fecal impaction, or drugs

A

urinary incontinence

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24
Q

a physical examination technique in which te examiner feels the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts with the hands

A

palpation

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25
Q

a surgical opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube may be inserted

A

tracheostomy

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26
Q

a surgical opening in the thoracic cavity

A

thoracotomy

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27
Q

a physical examination techinque in which the examiner taps the body with the fingertips or fist

A

percussion

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28
Q

the direct visualization of a body structure through a lighted instrument (scope)

A

endoscopy

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29
Q

inflammation of the pleura

A

pleurisy

30
Q

a retrovirus that causes HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

human immunodeficiency virus

31
Q

the use of various postions to promote gravity drainage of bronchial secretions

A

postural drainage

32
Q

the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute

A

cardiac output

33
Q

an abnormal condition characterized by the collapse of alveoli, preventing the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in a part of the lungs

A

atelectasis

34
Q

a general term for lung diseases caused by inhalation and retention of dust particles

A

pneumoconiosis

35
Q

a surgical procedure done to remove fluid from the pleural space

A

thoracentesis

36
Q

a collection of air or gas in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse

A

pneumothorax

37
Q

an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; usually involves the lungs, but also occurs in the larynx, kidneys, bones, adrenal glands, lymph nodes, and meninges and can be disseminated throughout the body

A

tuberculosis

38
Q

the act of listening for sounds within the body to evaluate the condition of the heart, blood vessels, lungs, pleura, intestines, or other organs

A

auscultation

39
Q

shortness of breath; difficulty breathing that may be caused by certain heart or lung conditions strenous exercise, or anxiety

A

dyspnea

40
Q

immunity that is limited through specific antigen recognition by T lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and natural killer cells

A

cell-mediated immunity

41
Q

a chronic inflammatory lung disease that results in airflow obstruction; characterized by recurring episodes of paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing on expiration, and/or inspiration caused by constriction of the bronchi, coughing, and viscous mucoid bronchial secretions

A

asthma

42
Q

the continous rumbling, snoring, or rattling sounds from obstruction of large airways with secretions

A

rhonchi

43
Q

CF) an autosomal recessive, multisystem disease characterized by altered function of the exocrine glands involving primarily the lungs, pancreas, and sweat glands.

A

Cystic fibrosis

44
Q

a nonmalignant, noninflammatory enlargement of the prostate gland caused by an increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

45
Q

a rare progressive neurologic disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons and by weakness and atrophy of the muscles of the hands, forearms, and legs, spreading to involve most of the body and face.

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

46
Q

a thromboembolic occlusion of the pulmonary vasculature resulting from thrombi in the venous circulation or right side of the heart that travel as emboli until lodging in the pulmonary vessels.

A

Pulmonary embolism

47
Q

a maneuver that involves contraction of the chest muscles on a closed glottis with simultaneous contraction of the abdominal muscles.

A

Vasalva maneuver

48
Q

a lesion with all the histologic features of cancer except invasion.

A

Carcinoma in situ

49
Q

the spread of the cancer from the initial or primary site to a distant site.

A

Metastasis

50
Q

a constriction or narrowing.

A

Stenosis

51
Q

radiation delivery system that means “closed” treatment and consists of the implantation or insertion of radioactive materials directly into the tumor or in close proximity to the tumor.

A

Brachytherapy

52
Q

an acute, rapidly progressing, and potentially fatal form of polyneuritis possibly caused by a cell-mediated immunologic reaction directed at the peripheral nerves.

A

Guillian Barre syndrome

53
Q

a group of disorders characterized by (1) increased intraocular pressure and the consequences of elevated pressure, (2) optic nerve atrophy, and (3) peripheral visual field loss.

A

Glaucoma

54
Q

artificial airway created by inserting a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose, past the larynx, and bypassing the upper airway and laryngeal structures.

A

Endotracheal intubation

55
Q

the reaction of the nasal mucosa to a specific allergen.

A

Allergic rhinitis

56
Q

the hydrostatic force measured in the brain cerebrospinal fluid compartment.

A

Intracranial pressure

57
Q

the administration of a nutritionally balanced, liquefied food or formula through a tube inserted into the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum.

A

Enteral nutrition

58
Q

benign mucous membrane masses that form slowly in response to repeated inflammation of the sinus or nasal mucosa and project into the nasal cavity.

A

Nasal polyps

59
Q

any clinically significant symptomatic condition or histopathologic alteration presumed to be secondary to reflux of gastric contents into the lower esophagus.

A

Gastroesophogeal reflux disorder

60
Q

a disruption or break in the continuity of the structure of bone.

A

Fracture

61
Q

agents capable of producing cellular alterations leading to the development or increasing the incidence of neoplastic growth.

A

Carcinogens

62
Q

a method of swallowing air, trapping it in the esophagus, and releasing it to create sound.

A

Esophageal speech

63
Q

a surgical procedure in which an opening is made to allow the passage of urine from the bladder or intestinal contents from the bowel through an incision or stoma surgically created in the wall of the abdomen.

A

Ostomy

64
Q

an inflammatory disease of the heart that potentially involves all layers.

A

Rheumatic fever

65
Q

an expandable meshlike structure designed to maintain vessel patency by compressing the arterial walls and resisting vasoconstriction.

A

Stent

66
Q

a cardiac dysrhythmia characterized by a total disorganization of atrial electrical activity without effective atrial contraction.

A

Atrial fibrillation

67
Q

the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures.

A

Pulse pressure

68
Q

a common disorder characterized by sustained elevation of blood pressure.

A

Hypertension

69
Q

the force that fluid exerts within a compartment.

A

Hydrostatic pressure

70
Q

a lower respiratory tract infection of the lung parenchyma with onset in the community or during the first 2 days of hospitalization.

A

Community acquired pneumonia

71
Q

a group of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive symmetric wasting of skeletal muscle without evidence of neurologic involvement.

A

Muscular dystrophy

72
Q

hypertrophy of the right side of the heart, with or without heart failure, resulting from pulmonary hypertension.

A

Cor pulmonale

Med Surg 210 (6 decks)

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