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Med Surg 210 > EXAM 3 > Flashcards

EXAM 3 Flashcards

1
Q

producing <400 mL of urine in 24 hours

A

oliguria

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2
Q

(dialysis) that uses an artificial membrane as the semipermeable membrane through which the patient’s blood circulates

A

hemodialysis

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3
Q

a transient enlargement of one or both breasts in men

A

gynecomatia

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4
Q

the force that fluid exerts within a compartment

A

hydrostatic pressure

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5
Q

the state in which the PaO2 has fallen sufficiently to cause signs and symptoms of inadequate oygenation

A

hypoxia

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6
Q

an abnormal intrapertioneal accummulation of a fluid containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes as a result of portal hypertension

A

ascites

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7
Q

a thromboembolic occulsion of the pulmonary vasculature resulting from thrombi in the venous circulation or right side of the heart that travel as emboli until lodging in the pulmonary vessels

A

pulmonary embolism

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8
Q

artificial airway created by inserting a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose, past the larynx, and bypassing the upper airway and laryngeal structures

A

endotracheal intubation

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9
Q

a gentle blowing, fluttering, or humming sound heard on auscultation and produced by turbulent blood flow through the heart or the walls of large arteries

A

murmur

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10
Q

an irreversible cardiac cellular death caused by sustained myocardial ischemia

A

myocardial infarction

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11
Q

shock occurring when either systolic of diastolic dysfunction of the myocardium results in compromised cardiac output

A

cardiogenic shock

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12
Q

a collection of risk factors that increase an individual’s change of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus

A

metabolic syndrome

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13
Q

a severe and abrupt elevation in blood pressure

A

hypertensive crisis

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14
Q

a severe derangement of the heart rhythm characterized on ECG by irregular undulations of varying contour and amplitude

A

ventricular fibrillation

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15
Q

extra breath sounds that are not normally heard, such as crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, and pleural friction rubs

A

adventitious sounds

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16
Q

a constriction or narrowing

A

stenosis

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17
Q

formation of focal deposits of cholesterol and lipids known as atheromas or plaque, primarily within the intimal wall of arteries, that obstruct circulation

A

atherosclerosis

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18
Q

the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute

A

cardiac output

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19
Q

an acute, life threatening situation in which the lung alveoli become filled with serous or serousangineous fluid, caused most commonly by heart failure

A

pulmonary edema

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20
Q

elevated pulmonary pressure resulting from an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance to blood flow through small arteries and arterioles

A

pulmonary hypertension

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21
Q

a calculated average of systolic and diastolic blood pressures; calculated by adding the diastolic pressure to one third of the pulse pressures

A

mean arterial pressure

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22
Q

the continuous rumbling, snoring, or rattling sounds from obstruction of large airways with secretions

A

rhonci

23
Q

a clinical syndrome in which there is a sustained increase in the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland

A

hyperthyroidism

24
Q

a group of diseases that directly affect the structural or functional ability of the myocardium

A

cardiomyopathy

25
Q

a form of rhonchus characterized by a continuous high pitched squeaking sound caused by rapid vibration of bronchial walls

A

wheezes

26
Q

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural spaces of the lungs

A

pleural effusion

27
Q

a type of ventricular failure caused by impaired contractile function, increased afterload, or mechanical abnormalities

A

systolic failure

28
Q

a reduction of the platelet count

A

thrombocytopenia

29
Q

chest pain that is a clinical manifestation of reversible myocardial ischemia

A

angina

30
Q

low oxygen tension in the blood characterized by a variety of nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms

A

hypoxemia

31
Q

the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of the diastole before the next contraction

A

preload

32
Q

the resulting damage to the heart muscle and heart valves from rheumatic fever, a chronic condition characterized by scarring and deformity of the heart valves

A

rheumatic heart disease

33
Q

a condition that occurs when an ectopic focus or foci fire repetitively and the ventricle takes control as the pacemaker

A

ventricular tachycardia

34
Q

a cardiac dysrhythmia characterized by a total disorganizaiton of atrial electrical activity without effective atrial contraction

A

atrial fibrillation

35
Q

the amount of blood filtered by the glomeruli in a given time

A

glomerular filtration rate

36
Q

sustained lifts of the chest wall in the precordial area that can be seen or palpated

A

heaves

37
Q

shortness of breath; difficulty breathing that may be caused by certain heart or lung conditions, strenuous exercise, or anxiety

A

dyspnea

38
Q

sudden attacks of respiratory distress that awaken the sleeper, usually after several hours of sleep in a reclining position

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

39
Q

the peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump

A

afterload

40
Q

seizure characterized by a brief staring spell and a very brief loss of consciousness that usually occurs only in children and rarely continues beyond adolescence

A

absence (petit mal) seizures

41
Q

a focal or diffuse inflammation of the myocardium

A

myocarditis

42
Q

a temporary circulatory assist device used to enhance the function of a compromised heart by reducing afterload and augementing the aortic diastolic pressure

A

intraaortic balloon pump

43
Q

a device that is applied externally or internally into the path of flowing blood to augment or replace the action of the ventricle of the heart

A

ventricular assist device

44
Q

the site on the chest wall where the thrust or pulsation of the left ventricle is most prominent

A

point of maximal impulse

45
Q

a common disorder characterized by sustained elevation of blood pressure

A

hypertension

46
Q

a common cardiac dysrhythmia with atrial contractions that are so rapid that they prevent full repolarization of myocardial fibers between heartbeats

A

atrial fibrillation

47
Q

a property of specialized excitable tissue in the heart that allows self activation through the spontaneous development of an action potential, such as in the pacemaker cells of the heart

A

automaticity

48
Q

drugs that influence the rate of the hearbeat

A

chronotropic drugs

49
Q

drugs that influence the conduction of electrical impulses within tissues

A

dromotrophic drugs

50
Q

the proportion of blood that is ejected during each ventricular contraction compared with the total ventricular filling volume

A

ejection fraction

51
Q

an abnormal condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to keep up with the body’s demand. It is often the result of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, or cardiomyopathy

A

heart failure

52
Q

drugs that influence the force of muscular contractions, particularly contraction of the heart muscle

A

inotropic drugs

53
Q

the total amount of blood in the ventricle immediately before it contracts, or the preload

A

left ventricle end diastolic volume

54
Q

the period during which a pulse generator is unresponsive to an electrical input signal, and during which it is impossible for the myocardium to respond. this is the period during which the cardiac cell is readjusting its sodium and potassium and cannot be depolarized

A

refractory period

Med Surg 210 (6 decks)

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