Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hns. A+P > Respiratory And Digestive System > Flashcards

Respiratory And Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Nasal cavity

A 
Divided by nasal septum 
Superior region contains olfactory receptors 
Lines by respiratory mucosa 
Network of veins 
*warm the air*
*nosebleeds* 
Produces mucus 
*moistens air and traps bacteria* 
Nasal conchae 
3 valley - swirl air 
Lysosomes destroy 
Bacteria 
Cilia 
Move mucus toward the throat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pharynx (throat)

A 
Passage for both air and food
5" long
Nasophayrnx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Above the soft palate
Soft palate and uvula move up and close region off
Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid): immune
Pharyngotympanic tubes: drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Oropharynx

A 
Food and air 
Palatine tonsils (lateral walls) 
Lingual tonsil (posterior tongue)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Superior to epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Larnyx (voice box)

A

Airway, switch board for food and air (epiglottis), and voice
Size of larynx changes how your voice will sound
8 cartilages (8 hyaline, 1 elastic)
Largest thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple)
Larger in men
Epiglottis at top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Trachea, and cricoid cartilages

A

Part of nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vocal folds or true vocal cords

A

Vibrate with expelled air

Slit-like passage between cord - glottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Trachea (wind pipe)

A

4” and end in mid chest
Rigid - c - shaped hyaline
soft area allows esophagus to expand
hard areas resist changes in air pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cilia

A

Propel mucus away from lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Main Bronchi

A

Right and left divide from trachea
Right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and straighter than the left
Air is warm, clean and humidified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lungs

A 
2.5 lbs
Soft and spongy 
Apex: deep to clavicle 
Base: rests on diaphragm 
Left lung: 2 lobes 
Right lung: 3 lobes 
Surface covered by pulmonary (Visceral) pleura 
Walls of thoracic cavity lined with parietal pleura
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parietal pleura

A
  • pleural fluid between pleura*
  • allows lungs to glide while breathing*
  • strongly sticks them together*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Main bronchi

A

Divide into smaller branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bronchioles

A

Smallest conducting passages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Alveoli

A

Air sacs

gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Breathing inspiration

A

External intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract —- lung volume increases and lung pressure decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

A

Size, sex, age and physical condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tidal volume (TV)

A

normal breathing

*500mL of air/breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

air forcibly taken in over tidal volume

*2100-3200mL of air beyond title volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

air forcibly exhaled after normal expiration *1200mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Residual volume (RV)

A

amount of air not able to exhale

  • 1200mL
  • respiration between breaths
  • keeps alveoli open
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vital capacity (VC)

A

total amount of exchangeable air
* 4800mL
VC = TV + IRV + ERV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Deep space volume

A

air never reaches alveoli

* 150mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Digestive system
``` Two major groups Alimentary canal Main jobs: ingest, digest, absorb, + defecate Accessory Organs: Main jobs: assist digestion ```
26
Digestion process
``` Ingestion Propulsion Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion Absorption Defecation ```
27
Ingestion
Taking food in
28
Propulsion
movement Ways we move things throughout digestive system Swallowing Peristalsis
29
Swallowing
Voluntary
30
Peristalsis
alternating waves of muscle contraction.
31
Mechanical digestion
breaking apart/mixing food, but it's not actually digesting. The food hasn't yet changed the chemical property. Apple is still apple. Includes Chewing Churning of stomach
32
Chemical digestion
breaks chemical bonds | Apple breaks down into component chemicals
33
Absorption
passage of digested material into the body
34
Defecation
elimination of indigestible substances
35
Tissue layers
Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa
36
Mucosa (inner most)
Moist membrane lining, covers intestinal tract. | Produces mucus
37
Submucosa
Soft connective tissue Contains blood vessels, nerves, + lymph nodes
38
Muscularis externa
Smooth muscle layer
39
Serosa (outermost)
visceral peritoneum-produce fluid | *Lumen-canal in center
40
Alimentary Canal
``` Coiled, hollow, muscular tube Technically external to the body. Opened on both end. A little pocket of space Goes from the mouth to the anus 9m (30ft ```
41
Oral cavity (mouth)
``` Lips (labia): Anterior opening Cheeks: lateral walls Roof of mouth Hard palate: anterior roof Soft palate: posterior roof Uvula: posterior edge of soft palate Vestibule: space between lips/cheeks and teeth/gums Oral cavity proper: space within the teeth Tongue: bony attachment hyoid bone and styloid process Lingual frenulum: attach to floor Food Mixed with saliva (amylase - breaks starch) Masticated (chewed) Tasted: taste buds Bolus (ball) ```
42
Pharynx
Passage for food and air
43
Esophagus (gullet)
25cm (10") Varies depending on size Peristalsis Ends at cardio esophageal sphincter (muscle that is a ring in shape) If does not work properly can cause acid build up (acid reflex, heartburn)
44
Stomach
``` Minor role in digestin Storage area C-shaped Left side 15-25cm in length Diameter/volume *empty = 50 mL *full = 4 L Storage and food breakdown Muscularis externa *churning/mixing *longitudinal, circular, oblique ```
45
Stomach regions
``` Cardiac region *contains cardio esophageal sphincter Fundus Body Pyloric region *terminal end *pyloric sphincter ```
46
Gastric pits
``` Produce gastric juice Digestive liquid Pepsin (breaks proteins) Renin (milk in infants) Lipase (fats) HCI: activates enzymes *pH 2 Gastrin: hormone that controls gastric juice production ```
47
Chyme
Food + gastric juice (essentially vomit)
48
Propulsion
Peristalsis Pyloric holds 30mL of chyme Send about 3mL at a time to the small intestine 4-6 hours
49
Small intestine
``` 6-7m (2-4m in living) Duodenum (5% of length, 25cm) *area of most chemical digestion *hepatopancreatic ampulla (delivery system from pancreas to liver) Bile duct - bile from liver Pancreatic dust - pancreatic juice Jejunum (2.5m) *absorption Ileum (3.6m) *absorption *ileocecal valve ```
50
Small Intestinal Wall
Villi - finger like projections Microvilli - projections in individual *3-6 hours
51
Large intestine
``` Larger in diameter 1.5m in length Absorbs water Cecum *ileocecal valve *Appendix Appendix *vestigal organ *lynph tissue ```
52
Colon
ascending: right *transverse: acros *descending: left *sigmoid: at the pelvis S-shaped
53
Rectum
``` 3 folds (rectal valves) Separate feces and flatus ```
54
Anal canal (3cm)
ends at anus Internal involuntary sphincter External voluntary sphincter
55
Accessory organs
``` Teeth Salivary glands Pancreas Liver Gallbladder ```
56
Teeth
``` Baby teeth *6 mos - 24 mos *20 *6-12 lose them Permanent *32 *17-25 - wisdom teeth ```
57
Salivary glands
Saliva (1000-1500mL) 97-99% H2O Enzymes (amylace), electrolytes, mucus
58
Pancreas
Makes pancreatic juice (1200-1500ml) *water, electrolytes, bicarbonate (base), amylace (starch), lipase (lipids), nucleases (nucleic acids), trypsin, chymotripsin, carboxypeptidase (proteins) Secreted into duodenum
59
Liver
Largest gland in body 4 lobes Produces bile
60
Bile
Yellow/green Bile salts: emulsify fat (break down) Bilirubin: waste of hemoglobin Becomes brown color of feces
61
Gallbladder
Green, muscular sac Stores/concentrates bile Empties into duodenum
62
Nose
Only externally visible part of the system | Air travels through the nostrils (nares) into nasal cavity

Hns. A+P (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions