Endocrine System

Question 0

Hypothalamus

Answer 0

Controls release of hormones
Makes 2 hormones and stores them in posterior pituitary
Pituitary gland produces most hormones

Question 1

Hormones

Answer 1

Chemical signal 
    Regulate metabolic activity, sex drive etc
Amino based (protein) and steroids 
    Amino based are water based proteins
    Steroids are hydrophobic (more potent) 
Many major organs spread throughout body
   Not connected directly 
   Use blood system
   Utilize hormones

Question 2

Posterior pituitary (nervous tissue)

Answer 2

Oxytocin 
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 3

Oxytocin

Answer 3

Strong stimulant of uterine contractions
Help with labor/birth and the nursing reflex
Helps with sexual arousal and orgasm
Allows for the feeling of sexual satisfaction
Nonsexual: cuddling hormone (neutering hormone)
Known as the LOVE HORMONE

Question 4

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 4

Inhibits or prevent urine production
Urine volume decreases and blood volume increases
Alcohol inhibits ADH

Question 5

Anterior Pituitay (Glandular tissue)

Answer 5

Growth Hormone (GH) 
Prolactin(PRL) 
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 
Gonadotropic Hormone (FSH)

Question 6

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer 6

Growth of long bones and skeletal muscle

Causes far to be used instead of glucose

Question 7

Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 7

Similar to GH but it targets the breast

After childbirth —- milk production

Question 8

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 8

Regulate activity of adrenal cortex

Question 9

Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 9

Grows/controls thyroid

Question 10

Gonadotropic hormone

Answer 10

Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Regulate activity of the gonads

Question 11

Thyroid Gland

Answer 11

Located at base of throat
Thyroid hormone - major metabolic
Controls how quick and slow your metabolism is
Thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3)
Regulate burning of glucose
Calcitonin
Decreases calcium in the blood —- deposit in bone

Question 12

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 12

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Regulates Ca levels in blood
1.Break down bone
2.Stimulates reabsorption by kidneys
3. Activates vitamin D intestinal absorption

Question 13

Adrenal glands

Answer 13

Top of kidneys
Adrenal cortex
Corticosteroids
1. Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
Regulate salt - reabsorb Na + H O
2. Glucocorticoids - cortisone and cortisol
Break fat and protein into glucose
3. Sex hormones: testosterone and estrogen
Adrenal Medulla (nervous tissue)
Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Responsible for fight/flight response
Gonads
Ovaries: estrogen and progesterone
Testes: androgens (testosterone)

Question 14

Pancreas

Answer 14

Two types of tissue - digestive and endocrine
Insulin (decrease blood glucose)
Released from beta cells
Increases body cell ability to take up glucose
Glucagon (increase blood glucose)
Released from alpha cells
Targets liver to break down glycogen —- release glucose

Question 15

Pineal gland

Answer 15

Melatonin: sleep hormone

Question 16

Thymus

Answer 16

Thymosin: normal T cell development