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1/2 PE > Respiratory And Cardiovascular Systems > Flashcards

Respiratory And Cardiovascular Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • transportation of gases and fuels
  • immunity
  • cellular repair and regrowth
  • thermoregulation
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2
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

The bottom chambers of the heart

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3
Q

What ventricle is responsible for pumping blood around of the body?

A

Left

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4
Q

What are the atriums?

A

Act like filling vessels at the top of the heart

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5
Q

What divides the heart down the middle?

A

Septum

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6
Q

What do valves prevent?

A

Prevent backflow to ensure blood flows in the correct direction

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7
Q

What valve is located on the left side?

A

Bicuspid

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8
Q

What valve is located on the right side?

A

Tricuspid

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9
Q

How many seconds does it take to compete a heartbeat?

A

Under one second

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10
Q

What are the four stages of a heart beat?

A
  • artial diastole
  • ventricular diastole
  • artial systole
  • ventricular systole
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11
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The measure of how much blood is squeezed out of the heart into the aorta each time it beats

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12
Q

What is the average stroke volume?

A

70-90ml

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13
Q

What happens to your stroke volume as you exercise?

A

Increases

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14
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per min

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15
Q

What symbol is used for cardiac output?

A

Q

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16
Q

How do you calculate the cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

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17
Q

What are the functions of the blood?

A
  • transportation of gases, fuels and minerals
  • protection against dehydration
  • maintain equilibrium
  • waste products
  • thermoregulation
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18
Q

What part of the blood is responsible for preventing dehydration?

A

Plasma

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19
Q

What percentage of the blood is blood cells?

A

45%

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20
Q

What percentage of the blood is plasma cells?

A

55%

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21
Q

What percentage of the blood cells are red blood cells?

A

99%

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22
Q

What percentage of the blood cells are white blood cells and platelets?

A

1%

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23
Q

What percentage of plasma is water?

A

90%

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24
Q

What percentage of plasma is protein?

A

7%

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25
Q

Where are red blood cells produced?

A

Bone marrow

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26
Q

What carries oxygen around the body?

A

Haemoglobin

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27
Q

Why do women have lower haemoglobin levels?

A

Periods

28
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

Fight infection

29
Q

Where are white blood cells produced?

A

Bone marrow, lymph tissues and spleen

30
Q

What are white blood cells also known as?

A

Leucoytes

31
Q

What is the function of blood platelets?

A

Cells that form blood clots to prevent bleeding

32
Q

Where are platelets produced?

A

Bone marrow

33
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A
  • carries nutrients
  • transports waste for removal
  • counters dehydration
  • assists platelets in clotting
34
Q

What is the order of blood flow through the vascular network?

A

-arteries, arterioles, capillaries, Venules, veins

35
Q

What are the roles of the arteries?

A

Carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart

36
Q

What is the role of the arterioles?

A

Are smaller with larger cross sectional area which allows greater exchange of gases and nutrients

37
Q

What is the roles of capillaries?

A

Are connected to arterioles and venules. Capillaries are tiny structures where one red blood cell can pass through. These can open and close

38
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

The widening of blood vessels

39
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Is the narrowing of blood vessels

40
Q

What is the stroke volume of an untrained athlete at rest?

A

80

41
Q

What is the stroke volume (ml) of an untrained athlete at max?

A

120

42
Q

What is myoglobin?

A

Molecule located in the muscle taht extracts oxygen

43
Q

What does the respiratory system comprise of?

A

Mouth, nose, airways, lungs

44
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A
  • Responsible for the transportation of air into the lungs
  • facilitate the diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream
  • removal of carbon dioxide
45
Q

What occurs at the alveoli?

A

Diffusion occurs with the exchange of carbon dioxide from the blood and oxygen from the lungs through capillaries

46
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and inter coastal muscles during inspiration?

A

Inter coastal muscles of the diaphragm contract

47
Q

What happens to the ribs during inspiration?

A

They move upwards and outwards

48
Q

What happens to the ribs during expiration?

A

Drop down

49
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and inter coastal muscles during expiration?

A

Relax

50
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath

51
Q

What is the average tidal volume of men?

A

600ml

52
Q

What is the average tidal volume of women?

A

500ml

53
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A

The volume of air moved into and out of the respiratory tract each min

54
Q

How do you work out the pulmonary ventilation (Ve)?

A

Respiratory rate x tidal volume

55
Q

What is oxygen deficit?

A

The temporary shortage of oxygen in cells

56
Q

What is a steady state?

A

The point during exercise where oxygen supply’s equals demand

57
Q

What is VO2 max?

A

Max amount of oxygen that can be taken in, transported and utilised per min

58
Q

What is EPOC?

A

Excess post exercise oxygen consumption

59
Q

What is systole?

A

The contraction of the heart muscle forcing blood out of the ventricles and into ventricles and into the arteries

60
Q

What is diastole?

A

Is the relaxation phase of the heartbeat where the heart fills with the blood from the veins

61
Q

What is heart rate?

A

The amount of times the heart beats per min

62
Q

What does TV stand for?

A

Tidal volume

63
Q

What does TLC stand for?

A

Total lung capacity

64
Q

What does VC stand for?

A

Vital capacity

65
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation

66
Q

What does RV stand for?

A

Residual volume

67
Q

What is residual volume?

A

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation

1/2 PE (6 decks)

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