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1/2 PE > Muscular And Skeletal Systems > Flashcards

Muscular And Skeletal Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the bicep located?

A

Anterior upper arm

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2
Q

Where is the tricep located?

A

Posterior upper arm

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3
Q

Where are the pectorals located?

A

Anterior upper body

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4
Q

Where is the Teres Major located?

A

Posterior upper body/arm

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5
Q

Where is the deltoid located?

A

Anterior and posterior upper arm

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6
Q

Where is the latissimus dorsi located?

A

Posterior lumbar region

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7
Q

Where are the abdominals located?

A

Anterior lower body

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8
Q

Where is the Erector spinae located?

A

Posterior lower body

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9
Q

Where is the Gluteals located?

A

Posterior upper leg / buttocks

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10
Q

Where is the Iliopsoas located?

A

Anterior lower body / upper leg

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11
Q

Where is the Hamstrings located?

A

Posterior upper leg

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12
Q

Where are the quadriceps located?

A

Anterior upper leg

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13
Q

Where is the Gastrocnemius located?

A

Posterior lower leg

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14
Q

Where is the Tibialis Anterior located?

A

Anterior lower leg

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15
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the bicep muscle?

A

Forearm or lower arm

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16
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the tricep muscle?

A

Forearm

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17
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the pectoral muscles?

A

Upper arm

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18
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the teres major muscle?

A

Upper arm

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19
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the deltoid muscle?

A

Shoulder

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20
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

Upper arm

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21
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the abdominal muscle?

A

Lower body, hips

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22
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the erector spinae muscle?

A

Lower body

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23
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the gluteals muscle?

A

Thigh

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24
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the Iliopsoas muscle?

A

Thigh, lower abdomen

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25
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the hamstring muscle?

A

Upper leg

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26
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the quadricep muscle?

A

Upper leg

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27
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Foot

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28
Q

What part of the body moves as a result of action of the tibialis anterior muscle?

A

Foot

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29
Q

What action does the bicep make?

A

Flexion and extension

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30
Q

What action does the tricep make?

A

Flexion and extension

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31
Q

What action does the pectorals make?

A

Flexion, adduction

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32
Q

What action does the Teres Major make?

A

Lateral rotation, adduction

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33
Q

What action does the deltoid make?

A

Flexion, lateral rotation, abduction

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34
Q

What action does the latissimus dorsi make?

A

Adduction

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35
Q

What action does the abdominals make?

A

Flexion

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36
Q

What action does the erector spinae make?

A

Extension

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37
Q

What action does the gluteals make?

A

Extension
Abduction
Medial / Lateral rotation

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38
Q

What action does the iliopsoas make?

A

Flexion

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39
Q

What action does the hamstrings make?

A

Flexion

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40
Q

What action does the quadriceps make?

A

Extension

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41
Q

What action does the Gastrocnemius make?

A

Plantarflexion

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42
Q

What action does the Tibialis Anterior make?

A

Dorsiflexion

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43
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the bicep?

A

Elbow

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44
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the tricep?

A

Elbow

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45
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the pectorals?

A

Shoulder

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46
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the Teres Major?

A

Shoulder

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47
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the deltoid?

A

Shoulder

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48
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Shoulder

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49
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the abdominals?

A

Spine

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50
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the erector spinae?

A

Hip/Spine

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51
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the gluteals?

A

Hip

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52
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the Iliopsoas?

A

Hip

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53
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the hamstring?

A

Hip/ knee

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54
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the quadriceps?

A

Hip/ knee

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55
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the gastrocnemius?

A

Ankle

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56
Q

What joint moves for the movement of the tibialis anterior?

A

Ankle

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57
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge

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58
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder?

A

Ball and socket

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59
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

Ball and socket

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60
Q

What type of joint is the spine?

A

Cartilaginous

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61
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Hinge

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62
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the bicep?

A

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

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63
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the tricep?

A

Humerus
Scapula
Ulna

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64
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the pectorals?

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus

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65
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the Teres Major?

A

Scapula

Humerus

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66
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the deltoid?

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus

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67
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Lumbar (vertebral column)

Humerus

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68
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the abdominals?

A

Vertebral column

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69
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the erector spinae?

A

Vertebral column

70
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the gluteals?

A

Coccyx

Femur

71
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the hamstring?

A

Tibia
Fibula
Pelvis

72
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the ilopsoas?

A

Femur, vertebral column

73
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the quadriceps?

A

Femur, patella

74
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the gastrocnemius?

A

Femur

Calcaneus

75
Q

What bones are involved in the movement of the Tibialis Anterior?

A

Tibia

Metatarsals

76
Q

What is the muscle pair for the bicep?

A

Tricep

77
Q

What is the muscle pair for the teres major?

A

Pectorals

78
Q

What is the muscle pair for the deltoid?

A

Latissimus dorsi

79
Q

What is the muscle pair for the abdominals?

A

Erector spinae

80
Q

What is the muscle pair for the gluteals?

A

Iliopsoas

81
Q

What is the muscle pair for the hamstrings?

A

Quadriceps

82
Q

What is the muscle pair for the gastrocnemius?

A

Tibialis anterior

83
Q

How much movement is there in a fixed or fibrous joint?

A

None

84
Q

What are examples of a fixed or fibrous joint?

A

Skull, pelvis

85
Q

How much movement is there in a cartilaginous joint?

A

Slight

86
Q

Examples of a cartilaginous joint?

A

Ribs attaching to the sternum, lumbar vertebrae

87
Q

What is the Periosteum?

A

Vascular connective tissue

88
Q

What is Articular cartilage?

A

Smooth white tissue where bones come together

89
Q

What is Synovial fluid?

A

Helps reduce friction and aids with movement.

90
Q

What is the Fibrous capsule?

A

Provides support and protection

91
Q

What’s an example of a pivot joint?

A

Atlas and axis, cervical vertebrae

92
Q

What is an example of a gliding joint?

A

Carpals/ tarsals

93
Q

What are examples,es of a Condyloid joint?

A

Wrist

94
Q

What bones make up the wrist joint?

A

Radius, ulna, metacarpals

95
Q

What is an example of a saddle joint?

A

Thumb

96
Q

What is the major joint in a lat fly?

A

Shoulder

97
Q

What muscle controls the upward phase in a lay fly?

A

Deltoid

98
Q

What type of muscle contraction is occurring during the upward phase in a lat fly?

A

Isotonic- concentric

99
Q

What movement is created during the upward phase of a lat fly?

A

Abduction

100
Q

What muscles control the downward phase of the lat fly?

A

Deltoid

101
Q

What type of muscle contraction is occurring during the downward phase of a lat fly?

A

Isotonic- eccentric

102
Q

What movement is created during the downward phase of a lat fly?

A

Adduction

103
Q

What is the major joint used during a push up?

A

Elbow

104
Q

What muscle controls the upwards phase of a push-up?

A

Tricep

105
Q

What type of muscle contraction is occurring during the upwards phase of a push up?

A

Isotonic- concentric

106
Q

What movement is created during the upward phase of a push-up?

A

Extension

107
Q

What muscles control the downward phase of a push-up?

A

Tricep

108
Q

What type of muscle contraction is occurring during the downward phase of a push-up?

A

Isotonic- eccentric

109
Q

What movement is created during the downward phase of a push-up?

A

Flexion

110
Q

What is the major joint used during a leg press?

A

Knee

111
Q

What muscle controls the downward phase of the leg press?

A

Quadriceps

112
Q

What type of muscle contraction is occurring during the downward phase of the leg press?

A

Isotonic- eccentric

113
Q

What movement is created during the downward phase of the leg press?

A

Flexion

114
Q

What muscle controls the upward phase of the leg press?

A

Quads

115
Q

What type of muscle contraction is occurring during the upward phase of the leg press?

A

Isotonic- concentric

116
Q

What movement is created during the upward phase of the leg press?

A

Extension

117
Q

What is a Uniaxial?

A

A joint that allows movement in one plane only, such as back and forth.

118
Q

What is biaxial?

A

A joint with two axes of movement, such as side to side and back and forth

119
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

120
Q

How are skeletal muscles attached?

A

To the bone via tendons

121
Q

What are skeletal muscles?

A

Are attached to the bone and are known as voluntary muscles.

122
Q

What type of cells make up the skeletal muscles?

A

Striped and striated

123
Q

What are cardiac muscles?

A

Make up walls of the heart and are involuntary as you have no control over them

124
Q

What type of cells make up cardiac muscles?

A

Striped in appearance

125
Q

What is a smooth muscle?

A

Found in the blood vessels and walls of the intestines. They are involuntary

126
Q

What cells make up the smooth muscle?

A

Spindle

127
Q

What are the functions of muscles?

A
  • provide support and maintain posture
  • stability
  • pump blood
  • heat production
128
Q

What is isometric muscle action?

A

A muscle contraction against a force with no significant movement. Tension is produced but no joint movement occurs.

129
Q

What is an isokinetic muscle action?

A

The speed or velocity of movement is held constant regardless of the magnitude of force applied to the resistence.

130
Q

What is an isoinertial muscle action?

A

Muscle contraction where the muscles are responding to a constant load

131
Q

What is an isotonic muscle contraction?

A

A muscle contraction where the length of the muscle changes through a range of motion.

132
Q

What is isotonic eccentric contraction?

A

The lengthening of the muscle while tension is developed.

133
Q

What is a isotonic concentric contraction?

A

The shortening of a muscle during an effort.

134
Q

What is the origin?

A

A fixed attachment point

135
Q

What is an insertion point?

A

Moves with the contraction

136
Q

What is reciprocal inhibition?

A

Muscles always works pairs, meaning one muscle is contracting whilst the other is relaxing to allow ease of movement

137
Q

What is the action of an Agonist?

A

The muscle primarily responsible for producing movement

138
Q

What is the action of the Antagonist?

A

The muscle that relaxes as the antagonist contracts to allow ease of movement & minimise the risk of injury

139
Q

What is the action of the stabiliser?

A

Muscles the stabilise one part of the body while another part is moving.

140
Q

What acts as the stabiliser for the spine?

A

abdominal muscles

141
Q

What are fascicles?

A

bundles of muscle fibres.

142
Q

What are the 5 different muscle shapes in the body?

A
  • circular
  • convergent
  • parallel
  • pennate
  • fusiform
143
Q

What is a pennate muscle fibre?

A

The fibres are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle

144
Q

What is a unipennate muscle fibre?

A

The fascicles inserts into only one side of the tendon.

145
Q

What is a bipennate muscle fibre?

A

The fascicles inserts into the tendon from opposite sides, resembling a feather

146
Q

What does a multipennate fibre look like?

A

Looks like a feather side by side.

147
Q

Do pennate muscles generate amounts of force than fusiform?

A

Pennate muscles have a greater cross sectional area, meaning they can generate greater force over a longer period of time

148
Q

How do fusiform muscles differ from pennate?

A

Fusiform muscles can contract RAPIDLY and develop greater power than pennate fibres

149
Q

What colour are slow twitch fibres?

A

Red

150
Q

What type of exercise are slow twitch fibres best suited to?

A

Aerobic endurance exercise

151
Q

What colour are fast twitch fibres?

A

White

152
Q

What type of exercise are fast twitch fibres best suited to?

A

Short duration, high intensity exercise

153
Q

What factors affect muscular strength?

A
  • fibre arrangement
  • muscle fibre recruitment
  • muscle fibre type
  • speed of contraction
  • age difference
  • gender difference
154
Q

What is a uniaxial joint?

A

A joint that allows movement in one plane only, such as back and forth

155
Q

What is a biaxial joint?

A

A joint with two axes of movement, such as side to side and back and forth

156
Q

What do ligaments connect to?

A

Bone to bone

157
Q

What do tendons connect to?

A

Muscle to bone

158
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A

Provides a protective , shock absorbing gel between joints

159
Q

What is the function of the skeleton?

A
  • protection of vital internal organs
  • storage
  • support
160
Q

What is a transverse plane of movement?

A

Divides body into superior and inferior sections (horizontal through mid section)

161
Q

What is the frontal plane of movement?

A

Divides body into anterior and posterior

162
Q

What is a sagittal plane of movement?

A

Divides the body into left and right sections

163
Q

What is the main function of the axial skeleton?

A

Offer support and protect the bodies internal organs and provide an attachment site for other bones and muscles

164
Q

What is the main function of the APPENDICULAR skeleton?

A

Responsible for making movement , permitting locomotion and allowing us to grasp objects

165
Q

What are the five parts of the vertebral column?

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • lumbar
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
166
Q

What shape are cube bones?

A

Cube like

167
Q

What are examples of short bones?

A

Carpals

168
Q

What is a long bone?

A

Longer than they are wide eg. Humerus

169
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

Develop in tendons around joints eg. Patella

170
Q

What is a flat bone?

A

Large flat surface for muscle attachment eg. Scapula

171
Q

What is an irregular bone?

A

No regular shape characteristic eg. Vertebrae

1/2 PE (6 decks)

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