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NP2 > Respiratory and Cardio > Flashcards

Respiratory and Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

OSA

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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2
Q

OSAH

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypotnea Syndrome

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3
Q

TB Risk

A

immuno compromised, poor and minorities, due to living in close proximity

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4
Q

Early Clinical Manifestations of TB

A

Fatigue, Malaise, Anorexia, weight loss, low grad fevers less than 101, night sweats

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5
Q

TB classifications for 2 and 3

A

2 - latent

3- active

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6
Q

D.O.T (for TB patients)

A

for non-compliant, stand for Directly observed therapy. Must come to clinic every day to take meds.

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7
Q

TB Drug Therapy (all 4 meds) will interact badly with…..

A

Antiretrovirals (HIV drugs)

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8
Q

Atopy

A

genetic predisposition to develop allergies with an increased risk of getting Asthma

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9
Q

SABA

A

short acting beta antagonists (rescue meds for asthma)

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10
Q

5 Critical Assessments that Pt Asthma is going into respiratory distress

A
  1. decreased breath sounds with wheezing
  2. fatigue and O2 sats below 88
  3. bradycardia (pt heart is fatigued, very bad sign)
  4. use of accessory muscles
  5. suddenly stops wheezing (silent lung)
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11
Q

Status Asthmaticus

A

most severe, life threatening asthma attack, respirations over 30, pulse greater than 120, pt is not responding to usual meds or treatments.

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12
Q

Most common causes status asthmaticus

A

viral infection, flu,
meds: aspirin and nsaids
stopping medication for asthma abruptly

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13
Q

Pneumothorax

A

collapse lung due to puncture

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14
Q

Atelectassis

A

collapse of lung due to lungs inability to expand

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15
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A

Hypertrophy (enlargement) or failure of the right ventricle.

Signs: jugular vein distention, peripheral edema, rt upper quadrant tenderness (due to back up of blood to belly)

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16
Q

Parenchyma

A

functional cells in the lungs damaged when irritants in the lungs

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17
Q

polycythemia

A

Look red. Excess of red blood cells

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18
Q

PFT

A

Pulmonary Function Test

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19
Q

FEV

A

Forced expiratory Volume
Value of 1500 mL beginning
Value of 1000 mL short of breath @ activity
Value of 500mL short of breath @ rest

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20
Q

Normal lung capacity

A

6L

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21
Q

BMI less than _____ is underweight

A

20

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22
Q

COPD top 3 Nursing Diagnoses

A
  1. Ineffective Airway clearance
  2. Impaired Gas Exchange
  3. Imbalanced Nutrition

also: disturbed self esteem due to loss of independence

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23
Q

FVC

A

Forced Vital Capacity

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24
Q

FEV/FVC ratio

A

less than 70% you are diagnosed with COPD

25
4 Systems That Affect Hypertension
nervous, cardiovascular, renal, endocrine
26
pseudohypertension
not hypertension at all, advanced atherosclerosis | arteries feel rigid
27
Target Organs damaged from hypertension
Eyes, heart, liver, kidneys
28
Organ damage occurring if BP is over
140/90
29
Creatinine: Bun: Bun/Creatinine ratio:
Creatinine: 0.6-1.3 mg/dl Bun: 6-20 mg/dL Bun/Creatinine ratio: 10:1
30
Coronary Artery Disease Stages
Stage 1: fatty streaks Stage 2: fibrous plaque, difficult to reduce, complications : stroke Stage 3: complicated lesions Stage 2 and 3 have permanent damage
31
Cholesterol needs to be below...
200 | decrease LDL, Saturated fats (red meat, eggs, whole milk products)
32
PAD is... | does not cause
Peripheral Artery disease | edema, edema is a a vein disorder
33
PAD risks
``` age 60-80 yrs cigarette smoking hyperlipidemia hypertension diabetes ```
34
Intermittent Claudication
ischemic muscle pain that comes and goes, stop what doing to cause and it will go away in about 10 minutes.
35
Reactive Hyperemia
Redness when limb dependent (below the heart). Slow prolonged capillary refill.
36
Buerger's Disease (Thromboangitis obliterans)
Rare: not due to atherosclerosis vaso-occlusive disorder primarily affects arteries but can affect veins and nerves 84% of B patients who do not quit smoking will have something amputated. 30% will even if quit. Risk: men under 40 who smoke, rarely non smoker
37
Raynaud's
``` Episodic vasospastic disorder uncontrolled contractions of artery turn red, white or blue coldness, numbness, pain possible autoimmune that affects women 15-40 ```
38
Venous Ulcers
Above medial malleolus, rudy in color. wound margins irregular in shape hard to heal, partial thickness very painful with lots of drainage
39
Unna Boot
compression. looks like ace bandage, moist and pink, has meds on it and will harden and dry. Stays on for a week at a time. Often put duodenum under. Will heal in about 4 weeks.
40
2 Types Venous Thrombus
1. superficial clot (65% hosp pts get. IV site. elevate body pt, warm, moist heat. 2. DVT
41
Heart Failure
abnormal clinical syndrome, impaired cardiac pumping or not filling up the way it should
42
Left Side HF
Most common, left side does most of the work. Blood backs up in left atrium, pulmonary veins, pulmonary edema (will hear abnormal lung sounds)
43
Right Side HF
backs up into rt. atrium, then to venous circulation, edema everywhere, especially legs.
44
Top 3 Complications of HF | Top 3 Causes oh HF
1. Pleural effusion 2. dysrythmias 3. left ventricular thrombus 1. CAD/ or heart attack 2. Hypertension 3. RA
45
Top 3 HF Collaborative Care
1. O2 2. Rest 3. Cardiac Rehab
46
Polycythemia
opposite of anemia, too much blood
47
3 Types of Anemia
1. Decreased RBC Production 2. Blood Loss 3. Increased RBC destruction
48
Mild Anemia
10-12 g/dL
49
Moderate Anemia
6-10 g/dL
50
Severe Anemia
< 6 g/dL
51
Ataxia
defective voluntary muscular coordination
52
Hypoxia
decreased O2 in arterial blood
53
Clinical manifestations of Anemia
pallor | glossitis - red swollen beefy tongue
54
Guaiac test
bllod in stool, pour liquid on, turns blue if positive for blood (takes about 30 seconds)
55
Paresthesias
numbness and tingling, or as a prickly, stinging, or burning feeling.
56
Only Anemia that has Paresthesias
Cobalamin (B12) Deficiency (Intrinsic Factor not available to utilize B12, w/out can not be absorbed in small intestine)
57
Schilling Test
Test to assess the gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin B12 by oral radioactive vitamin B12 and injected nonradioactive B12. It is used primarily to diagnose pernicious anemia
58
Drugs thay cause Folic Acid Defficency
1. Methotrexate - at one time used as chemo drug, now used for RA 2. Dilantin - used to treat seizures
59
Apnea
Going more than 10 seconds without breathing. Right side HF most common complication

NP2 (8 decks)

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