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Respiratory > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Notches on manubrium

A

Jugular (superior) and clavicular (lateral and superior)

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2
Q

Sternomanubrial joint

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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3
Q

Sternal angle

A

T4

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4
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Most inferior part of sternum, T10

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5
Q

Manubrium

A

superior part of sternum

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6
Q

True ribs

A

1-7 (vertebrosternal)

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7
Q

False ribs

A

8-10 (vertebrochondral)

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8
Q

Floating ribs

A

11-12 (vertebral)

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9
Q

Features of a typical rib (3-9)

A

Tubercle (articulates with transverse process), head/neck (articulates with vertebral bodies above and below), rounded superior border of rib, sharp inferior border, the angle, costal groove (contains intercostal nerves and bundle), site of articulation with costal cartilage

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10
Q

Costal groove

A

Groove in rib containing intercostal nerves and vessel

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11
Q

The 1st rib

A

Atypical rib that is short, flat and wide. Only articulates with T1. Contains head/neck (articulates with T1), tubercle (articulates with transverse process), groove for subclavian artery (posterior), scalene tubercle (for connection of anterior scalene muscle) and groove for subclavian vein (anterior)

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12
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Opening in vertebral bodies for spinal cord and meninges

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13
Q

Transverse process of vertebral body

A

Articulates with tubercle of rib

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14
Q

Thoracic inlet

A

T1, 1st pair of ribs and manubrium

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15
Q

Thoracic outlet

A

T12, 11th and 12th pairs of ribs, costal cartilages 7-10 and xiphisternal joint

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16
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

External intercostals, internal intercostals and innermost intercostals

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17
Q

Neurovascular bundle

A

Runs between internal and innermost intercostal muscles. Contains intercostal vein, intercostal artery and intercostal nerve

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18
Q

Sternal angle dermatome

19
Q

Nipple dermatome

20
Q

Umbilicus dermatome

21
Q

Inguinal region dermatome

22
Q

Functions of diaphragm

A

Main muscle of inspiration and raises intra-adominal pressure during coughing, vomiting etc.

23
Q

Parts of diaphragm,

A

Central tendon (attached to fibrous pericardium), left and right muscular domes, hiatuses and crura (L1-3/4)

24
Q

Covering of superior surface of diaphragm

A

Parietal pleura

25
Q

Attachments of diaphragm

A

Fibrous pericardium, L1-3/4, 6 inferior intercostal cartilages and posterior of xiphoid process

26
Q

Hiatuses of diaphragm

A

IVC - T8
Oesophagus -T10
Aorta - T12

27
Q

Innervation of diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve (C3-5) and lower intercostal nerves (sensory supply to peripheral diaphragm)

28
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx

29
Q

Function of larynx

A

Produces sound from expired air and protects inlet to respiratory system

30
Q

Structure of larynx

A

Superiorly attached to hyoid bine and inferiorly continuous with trachea at C6. Contains epiglottis, cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage (laryngeal prominence)

31
Q

Innervation of larynx

A

Branches of vagus nerve

32
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea and bronchi

33
Q

innervation of LRT

A

Motor - sympathetic fibres via pulmonary flexes and parasympathetic fibres via vagus nerve
Sensory - sympathetic and parasympathetic to spinal cord

34
Q

Arterial/venous supply of LRT

A

Bronchial arteries and veins

35
Q

Trachea

A

Runs from C6 to T4 where it bifurcates at the carina. Features 16-20 hyaline cartilage rings and completed posteriorly by trachealis muscle. Lies anterior to oesophagus. Common carotids and vagus lie lateral to trachea.

36
Q

Right bronchi

A

Superior lobar bronchus (eparterial) and main right bronchus (hyparterial)

37
Q

Lung hilum

A

Area where the root enters and leaves lung. Found on mediastinal surface.

38
Q

Root of lung.

A

Bronchus (most posterior), pulmonary artery (most superior), inferior pulmonary vein and superior pulmonary vein (most anterior) and inferior pulmonary vein (most inferior)

39
Q

Right lung

A

Contains 3 lobes (superior, middle and inferior), 2 fissures (transverse and oblique)

40
Q

Left lung

A

Contains 2 loves (superior and inferior), 1 tissue (oblique), a cardiac notch and cardiac impression and the linguila

41
Q

Linguila

A

Process of the inferior lobe of the left lung

42
Q

Base of lung

A

Bottom of lung

43
Q

Apex of lung

A

Top of lung, extends above 1st rib and clavicle. Covered by cervical pleura.

44
Q

Surfaces of the lung

A

Mediastinal surface, costal surface, inferior surface

Respiratory (4 decks)

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