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Respiratory - First Aid > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Conducting zone goes down to…

A

terminal bronchioles

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2
Q

“Anatomic Dead Space”

A

Conducting zone - warms, humidifies, and filters air but does not participate in gas exchange

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3
Q

Cartilage and goblet cells extend to….

A

end of bronchi

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4
Q

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells extend to

A

beginning of terminal bronchioles

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5
Q

Cuboidal cells begin at

A

terminal bronchioles

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6
Q

Airway smooth muscle extend to

A

end of terminal bronchioles

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7
Q

Respiratory zone consists of:

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

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8
Q

Participates in gas exchange

A

Respiratory zone

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9
Q

Cell type in respiratory bronchioles

A

cuboidal cells

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10
Q

Cell type in alveoli

A

simple squamous

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11
Q

Clear debris and participate in immune response

A

Alveolar macrophages

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12
Q

Type I Pneumocytes:

A

97% of alveolar surface. Squamous, line alveoli, optimal for gas diffusion

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13
Q

Type II Pneumocytes:

A

Secrete pulmonary surfactant (lecithin)
Cuboidal, clustered.
Serve as precursors to type I cells and other type II cells. Proliferate during lung damage.

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14
Q

Club (Clara) cells

A

Nonciliated; low-columnar/cuboidal with secretory granules.

Secrete component of surfactant; degrade toxins; act as reserve cells.

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15
Q

Collapsing pressure (P) =

A

P = 2 (surface tension) / radius

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16
Q

Surfactant (purpose)

A

Decreases alveolar surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse (atelectasis).

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17
Q

Surfactant (properties)

A

Complex mix of lecithins, most important of which is dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.

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18
Q

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

A

Most important lecithin in surfactant

19
Q

La Place’s Law

A

Alveoli have increased tendency to collapse on expiration as radius decreases

20
Q

Fetal surfactant synthesis begins at

A

26 weeks gestation

21
Q

Fetal surfactant levels are mature at

A

35 weeks gestation

22
Q

Fetal lung maturity is indicated by:

A

Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio >2.0 in amniotic fluid

23
Q

Right lung has how many lobes?

A

3

24
Q

Left lung has how many lobes?

A

2
Left has Less Lobes and Lingula (homologue of right middle lobe)
Instead of middle lobe, left lung has space occupied by heart.

25
Q

Which lung is more common site for inhaled foreign body?

A

Right

Right main bronchus is wider and more vertical than the left

26
Q

Aspirate a peanut:

While upright - where does it go?

A

Lower portion of right inferior lobe

27
Q

Aspirate a peanut:

While supine - where does it go?

A

Superior portion of right inferior lobe

28
Q

Relationship of pulmonary artery to bronchus at each lung hilus:

A 
RALS
Right Anterior (pulmonary artery is anterior to bronchus)
Left Superior (pulmonary artery is superior to bronchus)
29
Q

Fissures of Right lung:

A 
Horizontal fissure (separates superior and middle lobes)
Oblique fissure (separates middle lobe and inferior lobe anteriorly, inferior and superior lobes posteriorly)
30
Q

Fissures of Left lung:

A

Obliqure fissure (separates Superior and Inferior lobes)

31
Q

Inferior Vena Cava perforates diaphragm at what level?

A

T8

32
Q

Esophagus perforates diaphragm at what level?

A

T10

33
Q

Vagus nerve perforates diaphragm at what level?

A

T10 (with esophagus)

CN10; 2 trunks

34
Q

Aorta perforates diaphragm at what level?

A

T12

35
Q

Thoracic duct perforates diaphragm at what level?

A

T12

36
Q

Azygos vein perforates diaphragm at what level?

A

T12

37
Q

What structures perforate the diaphragm at T12?

A

aorta (red), throcic duct (white), and azygos vein (blue)

“At T-1-2 it’s the red, white, and blue”

38
Q

What structures perforate the diaphragm at T10?

A

Esophagus and Vagus nerve (CN 10)

39
Q

Diaphragm is innervated by

A

C 3, 4, and 5 (phrenic nerve)

40
Q

Pain from diaphragm irritation can be referred to:

A 
shoulder (C5)
trapezius ridge (C3, 4)
41
Q

Common carotid bifurcates at

A

C4

42
Q

Trachea bifurcates at

A

T4

43
Q

Abdominal aorta bifurcates at

A

L4

Respiratory - First Aid (8 decks)

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