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Electrolytes and Acid-base disorders > Respiratory Alkalosis > Flashcards

Respiratory Alkalosis Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory alkalosis >>> type of respiratory failure

A
  • Type 1 respiratory failure (sometimes)
  • NOT all type 1 R.F has respiratory alkalosis (As type-1 R.F has low or NORMAL pCO2; So, (normal pCO2 type-1 R.F) has no association with Respi.alkalosis
  • NOT all causes of respiratory alkalosis (As some cause can rise pO2 level, which goes opposite of respi. failure)
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2
Q

Why is type 1 respiratory failure associated with respiratory alkalosis, rather than type 2?

A
  • Respiratory failure has low pO2
  • Type 1 respiratory failure has low pO2 + low/normal pCO2
  • As respiratory alkalosis has also low pCO2 >>> when it also has low pO2 (due to some specific causes) >>> it has type 1 respiratory failure
  • (Only some cases/causes of respiratory alkalosis can have low pO2; NOT all)
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3
Q

Respiratory alkalosis occurs mainly due to - ?

A

Hyperventilation; Stress on the lungs

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4
Q

Hyperventilation >>> ABG changes

A
  • pCO2 goes down = Low pCO2
  • pH goes high

​that is respiratory alkalosis

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5
Q

Hyperventilation >>> acid-base disorder and electrolyte disorder

A
  • Acid-base disorder: respiratory alkalosis (pH: high, pCO2: Low)
  • Electrolyte disorder: PO4: Low (Hypophosphataemia)
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6
Q

Hyperventilation >>> main effects on the body

A

When a patient hyperventilates >>>

  • Rise in intracellular pH >>> respiratory alkalosis
  • Fall in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) >>> which can readily diffuse across cell membranes
  • Then, the rise in pH >>> stimulates phosphofructokinase activity >>> in turn activates glycolysis + Lowers PO4
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7
Q

Causes of respiratory alkalosis

A
  • Anxiety (hyperventilation, high pO2)
  • Pulmonary embolism (Low pO2) [type-I RF: low pO2 + low pCO2]
  • Salicylate poisoning (Low pO2; respiratory alkalosis + metabolic acidosis), so a cause of both
  • Central causes: CNS disorders: Stroke, SAH, encephalitis, meningitis, tumour etc.
  • High altitude (>>> stress on lung)
  • Pregnancy (>>> stress on lung)
  • Acute asthma attack (may have Low pO2) (its not near-fatal or life-threatening)
    • it can cause low pCO2 → respiratory alkalosis; if also low pO2 → + type-I RF:
    • but when pCO2 goes high >>> it causes near-fatal OR life-threatening asthma + respiratory acidosis; if also low pO2 → + type 2 R.F)
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8
Q

Acute asthma attack >>> ABG report

A
  • It can cause low pCO2 → respiratory alkalosis; if also low pO2 → + type-I RF:
  • but when pCO2 goes high >>> it causes near-fatal OR life-threatening asthma + respiratory acidosis; if also low pO2 → + type 2 R.F)
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9
Q

Name a cause of respiratory alkalosis + high pO2

A

Anxiety

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10
Q

Some possible causes of respiratory alkalosis + low pO2 (type 1 respiratory failure)

A
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Salicylate poisoning
  • Acute asthma attack
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11
Q

Metabolic acidosis + respiratory alkalosis >>> cause

A

Salicylate (e.g. aspirin) poisoning/toxicity

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12
Q

Causes of respiratory alkalosis due to stress on lungs

A
  • High altitude
  • Pregnancy
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13
Q

How does salicylate poisoning cause metabolic acidosis + respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • Early stimulation of respiratory centre → hyperventilation→ respiratory alkalosis
  • Later direct acid effects of salicylates (combined with ARF) → metabolic acidosis
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14
Q

Common CNS disorders that can cause respiratory alkalosis

A
  • Stroke
  • SAH
  • Encephalitis etc.
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15
Q

ABG level in respiratory alkalosis (uncompensated)

A
  • pH >>> High
  • HCO3 >>> Normal (Low if its compensatory)
  • pCO2 >>> Low
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16
Q

ABG level in respiratory alkalosis (partially compensated)

A
  • pH >>> High
  • HCO3 >>> Low
  • pCO2 >>> Low
17
Q

ABG level is respiratory alkalosis (fully compensated)

A
  • pH >>> Normal
  • HCO3 >>> Low
  • pCO2 >>> Low
18
Q

Respiratory alkalosis is compensated by - ?

A

Renal system (by HCO3; it goes down)

19
Q

ABG level in (respiratory alkalosis + type 1 respiratory failure)

A
  • pH: High
  • pCO2: Low
  • HCO3: Normal (in uncompensated); Low (If compensatory)
  • pO2: Low
20
Q

Why is type 2 respiratory failure NOT usually seen in respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • Because respiratory alkalosis has low pCO2
  • But type 2 respiratory failure has high pCO2
21
Q

Time to compensate respiratory alkalosis

A

3-5days

22
Q

What is acute respiratory alkalosis and chronic respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • Acute respiratory acidosis/alkalosis: NOT yet compensated by HCO3 (normal level); it takes 3-5days to compensate (pastest)
  • Chronic respiratory acidosis/alkalosis: 3-5days are passed → Compensated by HCO3 (high to compensate acidosis, low to compensate alkalosis) (pastest)
  • Same apples for metabolic acidosis/alkalosis (maybe)

Electrolytes and Acid-base disorders (18 decks)

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