Respiratory/Airway Flashcards
Pediatric airway differences
Nose breathers
Proportionally larger head
Prominent occiput
Child airway differences
Proportionally larger tongue
Glottic opening more cephalad and anterior
Larger, U-shaped, “floppy” epiglottis
What is a V/Q ratio?
Difference between appropriate ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q). In the average adult, should be between 4-8 L for each
What are the three kinds of V/Q mismatch? Give an example of each.
High V/Q - ventilation exceeds perfusion (PE)
Low V/Q - perfusion exceeds ventilation (Pneumonia)
Silent - low perfusion and ventilation (pneumothorax)
Define elasticity
Tendency of (lung tissue) to collapse
Define compliance
Ease with which lungs/thorax expand
Define resistance
Amount of force required to move air (into lungs)
What are the two general types of lung diseases?
Obstructive and Restrictive
What are obstructive lung diseases?
Involves difficulty moving air out of lungs due to increased airway resistance - Asthma, COPD, Cystic Fibrosis
What are restrictive lung diseases?
Involves difficulty moving air into lungs due to poor compliance/elasticity - Pneumonia, Atelectasis, Mesothelomia
What are the four types of hypoxia?
Hypoxic, Hypemic, Stagnant, Histotoxic
What is an I:E Ratio? What is normal for adults?
Ratio of time required for inspiration and expiration. Normal I:E ratio is approximately 1:2
What variables are normally assessed with an ABG or VBG?
pH, PCO2, PaO2, SaO2, HCO3-, BE
What are normal ABG values?
pH: 7.35-7.45 PCO2: 35-45 PaO2: 80-100 SaO2: 94-100% HCO3: 22-26 BE: -2 - 2
What are normal VBG values?
pH: 7.31-7.41 PCO2: 41-51 PaO2: 80-100 SaO2: 60-85% HCO3: 22-29 BE: -2 - 2
