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FP-C Review > Flight Physiology > Flashcards

Flight Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Contraindications to air medical transport

A
  • Severe anemia
  • AMI within 10 days
  • Uncontrolled dysrhythmia
  • Pregnancy >24 weeks
  • Non-acute hypovolemia
  • Recent ocular surgery
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2
Q

Gas composition of atmosphere

A

21% oxygen

78% nitrogen

  1. 9% argon
  2. 1% other gasses (0.04% carbon dioxide)
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3
Q

Layers of the atmosphere (from earth to space)

A
  • Troposphere
  • Stratosphere
  • Mesosphere
  • Thermosphere
  • Exosphere
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4
Q

Physiologic zones of the atmosphere (from earth to space)

A

Physiologic zone - 0-10000 ft, 760-523mmHg

Physiologically deficient zone - 10k-50k ft, 523-87mmHg

Space Equivalent zone - 50k ft-120 miles

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5
Q

Boyle’s Law is the ___ relationship between ___ and ___

A
  • Inverse
  • Volume and Pressure

V = 1/P

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6
Q

To what medical scenarios does Boyle’s Law apply?

A

Tension pneumothorax, pneumocephalus, sinus/ear pain, ET tube cuffs, NG/OG tubes, ostomy bags

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7
Q

What is the medically practical example of Boyle’s Law?

A

As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases

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8
Q

What is Dalton’s Law?

A

The pressure of a gas is equal to the sum of partial pressure of the individual gasses

PT = P1 + P2 + P3…

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9
Q

What is Fick’s Law?

A

The rate of diffusion of a gas is proportional to the difference in concentration of the gas

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10
Q

Fick’s Law is affected by what physical properties?

A

Gas pressure, membrane surface area, membrane thickness

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11
Q

What is the medically practical application of Fick’s Law?

A

Diffusion of gas across the alveolar membrane

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12
Q

What is Henry’s Law?

A

The pressure of a gas disolved in liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas over the liquid

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13
Q

What is the medically practical example of Henry’s Law?

A

Decompression Illnesses

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14
Q

What are the four primary forces that act on an aircraft?

A

Lift, Thrust, Drag, Gravity

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15
Q

What are the risks of aircraft depressurization?

A

Rapid - hypoxia, decompression illness, hypothermia

Slow - hypoxia, may be unrecognized and cause death

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16
Q

List some primary stressors of flight

A

Low pO2

Barometric pressure changes

Thermal changes

Aricraft vibration

Decreased humidity

Noise

Fatigue

Gravitational forces

Spatial Disorientation

Flicker Vertigo

Poor Weather

17
Q

Human factors (aka self imposed factors) that affect tolerance to stressors of flight

A

DEATH

Drugs, exhaustion, alcohol, tobacco, hypoglycemia

(or)

IM SAFE

Illness, Medications, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, Emotion

18
Q

What is the primary physiological risk factor in aviation?

A

Hypoxia

19
Q

What is the most common first sign of hypoxia?

A

Impaired judgement

20
Q

In healthy individuals, hypoxia generally becomes a risk starting at what altitude? Supplemental oxygen is usually required starting at what altitude?

A

5000’

10000’

21
Q

What factors influence a person’s risk of developing hypoxia?

A

Physical exertion

Rate of exposure/ascent

Duration of exposure

Physical health

Temperature

22
Q

What is hypoxic hypoxia?

A

Low pO2

23
Q

What is stagnant hypoxia?

A

Impared ability to move blood around the body (cardiogenic shock)

24
Q

What is hypemic hypoxia?

A

Impared ability of blood to carry oxygen

(hypemic anemic)

25
Q

What is histotoxic hypoxia?

A

Impared ability of cells to utilize oxygen

26
Q

What is the indifferent stage of hypoxia?

A

Minor, if any, physiologic effects

Occurs from 0-10000 ft

27
Q

What is the compensatory stage of hypoxia?

A

Body compensates for reduced oxygen by increasing vitals (heart and respiratory rate)

Loss of fine motor control, poor decision making

Occurs from 10000-15000’

28
Q

What is the disturbance stage of hypoxia?

A

Body unable to compensate

Loss of cognitive ability, loss of gross motor control

Occurs from 15000-20000 ft

29
Q

What is the critical stage of hypoxia?

A

Occurs quickly, <5 min

Loss of gross motor control, rapid incapacitation, seizures/coma -> death

Occurs >20000’

SpO2 < 65%

30
Q

What rules govern use of supplemental oxygen?

A

FAR Part 135 - rules for pilots

FAR Part 91 - rules for passengers

31
Q

What are some physiologic disorders related to changing altitude?

A

Barotitis media - middle ear pain

Barosinusitis - sinus pain

Barodontalga - tooth pain

Dysbarism - pain in other closed cavities (abdomen)

32
Q

Define sterile cockpit

A

Limiting non-essential communicaiton during critical phases (take off, landing, etc) of flight

Includes any and all communication - including with dispatch, hospital, or patient

33
Q

What is flight following?

A

Constant monitoring of aircraft by air traffic control

34
Q

Four primary factors that contribute to air medical crashes

A

Human error (68%)

Weather (30%)

Mechanical Issue (25%)

Spatial Disorientation (20%)

35
Q

Priorities of work post crash

A

Shelter

Fire

Water

Food

36
Q

What is the rule of 3’s relating to post-crash survival?

A

Can survive 3 minutes without oxygen, 3 hours without shelter/heat, 3 days without water, 3 weeks without food.

FP-C Review (3 decks)

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