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Respiratory - Week 2 > Respiratory: Acid Base Balance - Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory: Acid Base Balance - Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many millimoles of H+ are produced by the metabolism daily?

A

60 millimol H+ are produced by metabolism daily

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2
Q

Is urine alkaline or acidic by nature?

A

Acidic due to the body excreting the H+ ions

99.9% of H= ions are excreted in urine.

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3
Q

Describe the buffering of the H+ ions using the bicarbonate system?

A

o H+ + HCO3- ↔H2CO3 ↔CO2 + H2O

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4
Q

Describe the buffering of the H+ ions using the Haemoglobin system?

A

o H+ + Hb- ↔ HHb

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5
Q

Describe the buffering of the H+ ions using the Phosphate system?

A

o H+ + HPO42- ↔H2PO4-

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6
Q

Describe the buffering of the H+ ions using the Ammonium system?

A

o H+ + NH3 ↔NH4+

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7
Q

Describe the importance of Bicarbonate?

A
  • Other buffer systems reach equilibrium
  • Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is removed as CO2
  • The only limit is the initial concentration of HCO3-
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8
Q

What is the name of the condition with too many H+ ions called ?

A

Ketonacidosis

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9
Q

Describe Ketonacidosis?

A
  • Body will use up bicarbonate buffer to shift equilibrium to the right to compensate
  • In patients with ketonacidosis, there will be low levels of HCO3-
  • Body will blow off CO2 to balance this out

o H+ + HCO3- ↔H2CO3 ↔CO2 + H2O

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10
Q

What is the name of the condition with too CO2 and too much acid in the blood ?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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11
Q

What are the problems associated with respiratory acidosis?

A
  • COPD occurs when the exchange of gases is not efficient resulting in hypoxia (lack o O2) and an increase of CO2 in the blood
  • Reaction equilibrium is shifted to the left
  • The increase in H+ is balanced by increased excretion of H+

o H+ + HCO3- ↔H2CO3 ↔CO2 + H2O

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12
Q

What is the body’s compensation mechanism if it has too much H+ ions?

A

Lungs blow off CO2

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13
Q

What is the body’s compensation mechanism if it has too much CO2?

A

Kidney’s get rid of H+ ions

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14
Q

What does Acidaemia mean?

A
  • Acidaemia; increased [H+]
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15
Q

What does Alkalaemia mean?

A
  • Alkalaemia; decreased [H+]
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16
Q

What is an Acidosis?

A

A Process tending to cause increased H+

17
Q

What is an Alkalosis?

A

A process tending to cause decrease H+

18
Q

In arterial blood gases what is the respiratory component?

A

The pCO2

The whole process is considered a Respiratory problem if the change is in the pCO2

19
Q

In arterial blood gases what is the Metabolic component?

A

The HCO3 -

o It is a metabolic process if the primary change is in HCO3-

20
Q

Describe what causes a respiratory acidosis?

A

Increased [H+] due to increased pCO2

21
Q

Describe what causes a Respiratory alkalosis?

A

Decreased [H+] due to a decreased pCO2

22
Q

Describe what causes a Respiratory acidosis?

A

Increased [H+] due to an decreased HCO3-

23
Q

Describe what causes a Metabolic alkalosis?

A

Decreased [H+] due to an increased HCO3-

24
Q

If the primary disorder is an increase in pCO2 (respiratory acidosis), what is the compensatory response?

A

Increase in HCO3-

25
Q

If the primary disorder is a decrease in pCO2 (Respiratory alkalosis) what is the compensatory response?

A

decrease in HCO3-

26
Q

If the primary disorder is a decrease in HCO3- (Metabolic acidosis) what is the compensatory response?

A

Decrease in pCO2

27
Q

If the primary disorder is an increase in HCO3- (Metabolic alkalosis) what is the compensatory response?

A

Increase in pCO2

28
Q

What do blood gas machines estimate?

A
  • H+
  • pCO2
  • HCO3-
  • pO2
29
Q

What are some causes of an acidosis?

A
  • Choking
  • Bronchopneumonia
  • COAD
30
Q

What are some of the causes of an alkalosis?

A
  • Hysterical overbreathing
  • Mechanical over-ventilation
  • Raised intracranial pressure
31
Q

How is Bicarbonate recovered?

A

o H+ + HCO3- ↔H2CO3 ↔CO2 + H2O - Tis occurs in the renal tubular lumen

The H2O and the CO2 move accross into the renal tubules

H2O + CO2 -> H2CO3

H2CO3 -> HCO3- + H+

The HCO- moves into the Peritubular capillary

The H+ moves into the renal tubular lumen, were it reacts is HCO3-

Respiratory - Week 2 (8 decks)

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