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NP Adv Pharm_S21 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma: extrinsic atopic type 1

A

immediate response by IgE, histamine is released, usually family hx of allergies (think children)

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2
Q

prognosis for Asthma extrinsic atopic type 1

A

good

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3
Q

Asthma: Intrinsic (non-atopic) idiopathic type2

A

adult onset (>30yr old), chronic bronchitis, poor prognosis

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4
Q

Asthma: exercised induced triggers

A

cold, hypocapnia

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5
Q

early asthma response occurs within how many minutes, recovery time? cause?

A

s/s within 20 mins, recovery 60 mins, caused by IgE on mast cells

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6
Q

Late asthma response occurs how soon? duration? cause?

A

3-5 hours after exposer, lasts days or weeks, caused by release of chemical mediators from mast cells, macrophages and epithelial cells

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7
Q

Beta 2 Adrenergic agonist, Mexthylxanthine, Anticholinergics are all what class of drugs?

A

bronchodilators

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8
Q

Beclometasone [Qvar], Fluticasone propionate [flovent]

A

inhaled steriod

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9
Q

how do inhaled steroids work?

A

they bind to cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors and reduce eosinophils/mast cells in airway, they reduce histamine responsiveness

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10
Q

are inhaled steroids long-term or short-term?

A

long term

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11
Q

systemic corticosteroids mechanism of action

A

prevent cytokine and mediator release, inhibit IgE release, suppreses airway inflammation

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12
Q

are systemic corticosteroids short term? long term?

A

short term

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13
Q

Leukotriene modifier example

A

Montelukast [singulair]

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14
Q

Leukotriene: MOA

A

block bronchconstriction by preventing leukotrienes from binding to receptor sites

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15
Q

Leukotriene modifiers: Contraindications

A

acute bronchospasm, lactation, liver impairment

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16
Q

Leukotriene modifiers: ADRs

A

neurophychiatric (stop if you see this), muscle pain, elevated LFTs

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17
Q

when would you put someone on Montelukast [Singulair]? (Leukotriene modifier)

A

maintenance therapy for asthma >1 year, prevention of EIA>15 years old, allergic rhinitis

18
Q

what do Leukotriene modifiers (Montelukast [Singulair]) bind to?

A

plasma proteins

19
Q

Mast cell Stabilizers are used for acute or chronic phases?

A

chronic

20
Q

Mast cell Stabilizers: MOA

A

stop calcium influx across cell membrane from mast cell mediators, suppresses inflammatory cells

21
Q

How are mast cell stabilizers (Cromolyn) given?

A

nebulizer

22
Q

Mast cell stabilizer example

A

Cromolyn

23
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists examples

A

Albuterol

Salmeterol (not given alone)

24
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists MOA

A

stimulate B receptors in smooth muscle which dilated bronchi (they stimulate B1 receptors in the heart which increases HR)

25
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists Contraindications

A

ischeminc heart disease, hypertension, arrhythmias, seizures, hyperthyroidism

26
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists ADRs

A

increased HR, tremor, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia

27
Q

Methylxanthines

A

cause direct muscle relaxation, induce diuresis, gastric acid secretion

28
Q

Methylaxanthines exaples

A

Theophylline, Aminophylline

29
Q

how doMethylaxanthines effect the heart

A

increased cardiac output, decreased venous pressure

30
Q

Anticholinergic drug examples

A

Atrovent, spiriva

31
Q

Anticholinergic drugs (Atrovent, spiriva) are used for?

A

COPD

32
Q

Anticholinergic drugs (Atrovent, spiriva) mechanism of action and how fast does it work

A

it drys everything, blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors in bronchi, works quickly

33
Q

Combivent, advair diskus, breo Ellipta, Symbicort, Dulera are all what?

A

combo products

34
Q

what is ok for mild asthma attacks?

A

inhaled bronchodilators (albuterol)

35
Q

what is ok for frequent attacks?

A

oral or inhaled steroids and an inhaled bronchodilator

36
Q

what is ok for EIB?

A

inhaled bronchodilators, inhaled mast cell stabilizer (Cromolyn)

37
Q

intermittent asthma

A

symptoms <2/week, <2/month at night

38
Q

mild persistent asthma

A

symptoms >2/week but <1/day, >2/month at night, Its effecting their acitivity

39
Q

moderate persistant asthma

A

daily episodes, effects activities >2/week, >1/week at night

40
Q

severe persistant asthma

A

continual s/s, frequent episodes, limits activity, frequent night episodes

41
Q

When should a steroid be introduced for pt with asthma?

A

if patient is having episodes >2/week even with beta2 agonist

NP Adv Pharm_S21 (25 decks)

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