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MBCHB BUZZZ > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Stony dull to percuss

A

Pleural Effusion

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2
Q

Right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels
Pleural effusion

A

Pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

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5
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

Apical disease

A

Most likely (secondary) TB; apical lesion is called an Assmann focus!

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8
Q

spread of organism into bloodstream. If organism spread via pulmonary artery, miliary dissemination into the lung occurs. If organism spread via pulmonary vein, there is systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen, and kidneys.

A

Miliary Tuberculous

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9
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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10
Q

Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet

A

caused by chlamydophila psittaci

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11
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad

A 
Legionella pneumophila (test urine for
antigens)
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12
Q

“Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana” - or a Mr. Snoop Dogg

A

probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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13
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue and weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

“D sign on X ray”

A

Empyema

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16
Q

“Steeple” sign on X ray

A

larygotracheobronchitis/croup

17
Q

Child with barking cough

A

Croup

18
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV

19
Q

Asthma + Nasal Polyps + Salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s Triad

20
Q

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae (red jelly haemopytsis)

21
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

22
Q

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

A

classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

23
Q

Morning headache

A

hypercapnia

24
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

SCLC

25
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

SCC of lung

26
Q

Small-cell carcinoma -

A

neuroendocrine, highly malignant, and may be associated with

ectopic endocrine syndromes.

27
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoidosis

28
Q

Eggshell calcification

A

Silicosis

29
Q

‘Heart-failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces

A

Macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin - found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated (severe) left-ventricular heart failure. Also, seen in long-standing pulmonary hypertension.

30
Q

Ghon Focus

A

An area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung, beneath the pleura - found in tuberculosis infection.

Note: Ghon Focus rupture (rare)
through the visceral pleura into the pleural cavity will produce tuberculous pleurisy.

31
Q

Assmann Focus

A

Apical lesion of secondary tuberculous infection

32
Q

‘Coin lesion’ found on chest radiographs

A

A rounded solitary lesion.
The common lesions are: Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, Metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney),
Bronchial hamartoma, Carcinoid tumour, Granulomatous inflammation, Lung abscess.

33
Q

Horner’s Syndrome

A

Can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the
intrathoracic nodes.
Signs include: ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (small pupil), and lack of sweating on the ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of the face. This is due to invasion, of the cervical sympathetic chain.

34
Q

Thumbprint sign on x ray

A

epiglottitis

35
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

pertussis

36
Q

Snow storm appearance on x ray

A

baritosis, silicosis

37
Q

Trismus (difficulty opening mouth) is a feature of

A

Peritonsillar Abscess (Quincy)

MBCHB BUZZZ (21 decks)

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