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Buzzwords > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

stony dull to percuss

A

Pleural Effusion

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2
Q

Right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

probably pneumonia

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3
Q 
Alveolar bat's wings
kerley B lines
Caridiomegaly 
Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels 
pleural Effusion
A

Pulmonary Oedema

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4
Q

Ground glass appearance on X ray

A

pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn

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5
Q

Ziehl-Neelson +ve for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

Apical disease

A

most likely secondary TB - apical lesion is called an Assmann focus

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8
Q

Miliary TB spread roung the body?

A

spread through the blood stream

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9
Q

Miliary TB if spread via the pulmonary vein

A

systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen and kidneys

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10
Q

Miliary TB if spread via the pulmonary artery

A

dissemination to the lungs

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11
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies (anti-GBM antibodies)

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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12
Q

Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as a pet

A

chlamydophila psittaci

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13
Q

dry cough and diarrhoea after a holiday abroad and a hint about water spread

A

Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)

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14
Q

“Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana”

A

Probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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15
Q

Mr Snoop Dog

A

probably pneumothorax

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16
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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17
Q
  1. Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)
A

Bronchiectasis

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18
Q

“D sign on X ray”

A

Empyema

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19
Q

“Steeple” sign on X ray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/ croup

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20
Q

Child with barking cough

A

Croup

21
Q

Pneumocytosis pneumonia

A

HIV redflag

22
Q

Pneumocytosis treatment

A

co-tramoxazole (+prenisolone if severe)

23
Q

Asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

A

Sameter’s triad

24
Q

Alcoholic - danger of aspiration pneumonia

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

You drink at Kleb T

25
Q

Red Jelly Sputum

A

Klebsiella Pneumonia

jelly shots at kleb T

26
Q

Mucoid sputum

A

Chlamydia psittaci

27
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

28
Q

Cannonball metastases

A

classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

29
Q

Morning headache

A

hypercapnia or side effects of organic nitrates

30
Q

ACTH secreting hormone

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

31
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

32
Q

neuroendocrine tumour potentially associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes and highly malignant

A

small cell carcinoma

33
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

sarcoid

34
Q

Eggshell calcification of the hilar region

A

silicosis

35
Q

heart failure cells in the alveolar spaces

A

Macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin - found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated (severe) left-ventricular heart failure. Also, seen in long-standing pulmonary hypertension.

36
Q

Ghon focus

A

area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung beneath the pleura found in TB infection (Ghon focus rupture is rare through the visceral pleura into the pleural cavity and will produce TB pleurisy)

37
Q

Assmann lesion

A

apical lesion of 2ndry TB infection

38
Q

Coin lesion on chest radiographs

A

rounded solitary lesions - Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, Metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney), Bronchial hamartoma, Carcinoid tumour, granulomatous inflammation, lung abcess

39
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

can occur when local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes or a Pancoast tumour.

  • drooping eyelid
  • no sweating (on 1 side of face) - same side as invasion because cervical sympathetic chain invasion
  • small pupil
40
Q

thumbprint sign on the head x ray

A

epiglottis

41
Q

inspiratory whoop/ barking cough

A

pertussis

42
Q

snow storm appearance on the x ray

A

baritosis silicosis

43
Q

infective exacerbation of COPD

A 
iSOAP 
i - ipratropium 
S - salbutamol
O - oxygen
A - amoxicillin
P - prednisolone
44
Q

Non-smoker and lung cancer (peripheral)

A

adenocarcinoma

45
Q

Squamous and small cell lung cancer

A

Central

46
Q

High D dimers

A

suspect PE but need CTPA or V/Q scan to confirm

47
Q

Low D-dimers

A

exclude PE

48
Q

large PE

A

thrombolysis

49
Q

Small PE

A

low molecular weight heparin

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