Gastrointestinal

Question 1

Pancreatitis causes

Get Smashed

Answer 1

gallstones
ethanol
trauma
steroids
mumps
autoimmune
scorpion stings
hyperlipidaemia/hypercalcaemia
ERCP
drugs

Question 2

Gingival Hypertrophy. Gingivectomy/Biting on own gums

Answer 2

side effect of calcium channel blockers or phenotoin

Question 3

bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)

Answer 3

achalasia, if in lower GI imaging is a sign of bowel upstruction

Question 4

3. Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive

Answer 4

acute pancreatitis

Question 5

Murphy’s sign positive

Answer 5

cholecystitis

Question 6

pale stools, jaundice and abdominal pain

Answer 6

biliary obstruction

Question 7

Abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness

Answer 7

portal hypertension + ascites

Question 8

Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

Answer 8

Crohn’s/UC

Question 9

“Tinkling bowel sounds”

Answer 9

bowel obstruction

Question 10

Vesicular rash + weight loss

Answer 10

Coeliac Disease

Question 11

Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)

Answer 11

gastric cancer

Question 12

Urea breath test

Answer 12

H pylori

Question 13

14C breath test

Answer 13

bacterial overgrowth

Question 14

“Rice-water”-like stools

Answer 14

vibrio cholera

Question 15

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Answer 15

Presence of AMA (Anti mitochondrial antibodies)

Question 16

Autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 16

Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)

Question 17

Alpha Feto Protein assay

Answer 17

hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

Question 18

Cobblestone mucosa’; indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa

Answer 18

Crohn’s disease

Question 19

Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)

Answer 19

Spironolactone

Question 20

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

Answer 20

diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 21

Severe abdo pain + D&V after raw milk

Answer 21

Campylobacter

Question 22

Russell’s sign

Answer 22

self induced vomiting

Question 23

Mallory’s hyaline bodies

Answer 23

alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 24

Crypt abscess / cryptitis

Answer 24

Inflammatory Bowel CROHN’S

Question 25

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

Answer 25

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Question 26

“Signet Ring” cells seen on biopsy

Answer 26

Linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer

Question 27

Thumb-printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure

Answer 27

Ischaemic colitis

Question 28

Charcot’s triad

Answer 28

Acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis.

Question 29

Causes for abdominal mass: A CHEMICAL

Answer 29

AAA
crohn’s
hernia
enlarged organ
malignancy
intersusception
cyst or abcess
appendicitis
lymphadenopathy

Question 30

Causes for bowel obstruction: BATH VIPS

Answer 30

bolus
adhesions
tumour
hernia

volvulus
intersussception
pseudo-obstruction
stricture.