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Med Surg Exam 1 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Pharynx and larynx issues

A

Acute pharyngitis: Inflammation of pharyngeal walls(tonsils, palate, uvula)

Peritonsillar abscess: Group A Strep

Laryngeal polyps: On vocal cords- overuse and abuse

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2
Q

Acute bronchitis

A

Mainly viral cause
Can also be irritants in air, asthma

Usual assessment: Cough

Mangement: symptom relief, prevent pneumonia

High Fowler’s or whatever position is comfortable

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3
Q

Pneumonia

A

Infection that inflames alveoli- may fill with liquid

Risk factors: over 65, bedrest/immobility, debilitating illness, chronic disease.

Prevention: immunization over 65\

HAP, CAP, necrotizing, aspiration, opportunistic

Viral most common

Complications: ARDS, septic shock, atelectasis

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4
Q

ARDS

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Widespread rapid infection of lungs- commonly caused by sepsis/systemic inflammation

Shortness of breath, tachypnea, cyanosis

alveoli collapse

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5
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Primary: Bacteria inhaled, get infected, inflammatory reaction

Reactivation: 2+ yrs. after initial infection

Latent: Positive skin test, asymptomatic

Assessment: Dry cough leads to productive cough, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, night sweats.

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6
Q

12 dose regimen for latent tb infection

A

Once weekly for 12 weeks

Directly observed therapy

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7
Q

Directly observed therapy

A

Intensive phase: 2-3months
Medication taken under direct supervision of staff

Continuation phase: 4-6 months: blisterpack given, first dose taken under supervision

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8
Q

Rib fracture treatment

A

Pain meds
Deep breathing
Coughing when you can

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9
Q

Tension pneumothorax

A

Poke with needle
Chest tube

PT will be short of breath, blue and low 02 sat

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10
Q

Flail chest treatment

A

Splint w/pillow on flail side

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11
Q

Assessment of chest tubes

A

FOCA

Fluctuation of water seal chamber

Output

Color

Air leak

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12
Q

Chest tube troubleshooting

A

DOPE

Dislodgement

Obstruction

Pneumothorax

Equipment

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13
Q

Pleural drainage w/chest tubes

A

Tidal bubbling expected w/pneumothorax

Check connections for leaks

5th intercostal space, mid axillary line.

Sterile technique

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14
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Most common cause L side HF

Hear crackles-can have sudden onset

Low spO2
Dyspnea

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15
Q

Asthma

A

Assessment:
Wheezing, anxiety

Risks: allergens, respiratory infection, air pollution

Asthma triad

beta blockers can trigger->bronchospasm
ACE inhibitors can cause cough

Sulfites can trigger (can be in fruits, beer, wine, vegetables)

Watch for silent chest

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16
Q

Asthma triad

A

Nasal polyps

Asthma

Sensitivity to NSAIDS and aspirin

17
Q

Silent chest

A

If pt was wheezing, then sudden absence of wheeze- very bad, cannot breathe.

Life threatening, may need mechanical ventilation

18
Q

Status asthmaticus

A

Most extreme asthma attack

Hypoxia, hypercapnia, acute respiratory failure.

Unresponsive to corticosteroids and bronchodilators

Must be immediately intubated, mechanical ventilation.

19
Q

Asthma treatment

A

Main: short acting beta adrenergic (SABA- rescue drugs) bronchodilators- albuterol

Moderate to severe attack: ipratroprium (atrovent) w/SABA: AKA combivent

Frequent attacks also have to be on long term med: Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

20
Q

Combivent

A

SABA and irpratroprium combined.

21
Q

What asthma meds are quick relief

A

SABA, anticholinergic (ipratroprium)

22
Q

Long term asthma meds

A

Corticosteroids
Inhaled (fluticasone)
Singulair
Xolair

23
Q

Which asthma med is easiest to use and most effective

A

Nebulizers transfer more meds than MDI w/spacer

Easy to use

ex. albuterol, ipratroprium

24
Q

COPD

A

Chronic inflammation of lungs and airway.

25
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Couch and sputum production for at least 3 months/year in 2 consecutive years

26
Q

Emphysema

A

Destruction of alveoli w/o fibrosis.
Mucus hypersecretion

Air becomes trapped on inspiration=barrel shape (hyperinflation of lungs)

Pulmonary HTN

27
Q

Long acting beta agonist bronchodilators

A

Symbicort(combo w/corticosteroid)

Salmeterol

28
Q

Anticholinergic bronchodilators

A

Short acting:
Ipratroprium

Long acting:
Tiotropium

29
Q

Anti inflammatory corticosteroids

A

LONG TERM:
Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Fluticasone

30
Q

If you have meds to give for airway clearance which do you give first?

A

Bronchodilator first

THEN

Corticosteroid etc.

Cant work if they can’t get into lungs.

31
Q

Leukotriene modifiers

A

Montelukast

Not for acute attack

32
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Assessments/findings:
Cough w/thick sputum

Complications: resp failure, pneumothorax

Management: Mobilize mucous, Chest physical therapy, postural drainage, nebulized saline.

33
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

Pulmonary HTN from lung disease->alveoli shrivel, blood doesnt flow to them->backs up, too much volume causes HTN

Pulmonary HTN leads to R side cardiac hypertrophy due to it being harder to push.

Med Surg Exam 1 (8 decks)

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