Respiratory Flashcards
What investigations are done for TB?
Sputum (x3) Induced sputum, Broncho-alveolar lavage FBC, ESR Chest x ray Tissue biopsy (for histology)
What stain is used for direct microscopy of tuberculosis and what does this show
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Positive result = red stain on a blue/green background
Name 5 possible viral causes of COPD
Respiratory syncytial Influenza Parainfluenza Rhinovirus Coronaviruses
Name 3 possible bacterial causes of COPD
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Name 2 microbiological, non bacterial or viral, causes of COPD
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
What microbiological test are done for COPD and why?
Blood and chocolate agar incubated anaerobically
culture for viruses and serology for mycoplasma/chlamydia rarely justified
Name 5 possible causes of bacterial bronchiectasis
Haemophilus.influenzae S.pneumoniae Moraxella catarrhalis Pseudomonas Coliforms Anaerobes
What is the predominant colonising bacteria in neonates and infants with cystic fibrosis?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the predominant colonising bacteria in infants and children with cystic fibrosis?
Haemophilus.influenzae
What is the predominant colonising bacteria in older children and adults with cystic fibrosis?
Pseudomonads (mucoid and non-mucoid)
What microbiological diagnostic test are done for bronchiectasis?
Blood agar
Chocolate agar
Anaerobes plate
MacConkey plate –> identify pseudomonads and coliforms
What microbiological tests are done for cystic fibrosis?
7 selective plates to isolate: fungi S.aureus H.influenzae S.pneumoniae Various species of pseudomonads
