Respiratory Flashcards
What does ARDS stand for?
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Hydrothorax
Fluid in the plural cavity
Pneumothorax
Air in the pleural cavity
Haemothorax
Blood in the thorax
Chylothorax
Chyle or lymphatic fluid in the thorax due to a ruptured thoracic duct
Nursing principals for respiratory patients
Hygiene O2 therapy Iv fluids Steam Limit exercise
What is ARDS?
Sudden respiratory failure due to fluid accumulation and severe inflammation of the lungs.
Examples of Chronic Pulmonary Disease
Feline Asthma Bronchitis Pneumonia Neoplasia Pulmonary oedema Pulmonary haemorrhage
Definition of chronic pulmonary disease
Any respiratory condition that causes ongoing or long term disease
Definition of Extra pulmonary disease
Lungs are unable to inflate due to a disease process
Examples of extra pulmonary disease
Chest cavity diseases
Diaphragmatic rupture
Neoplasia
How often should you check chest drains?
Every hour
Closure of chest drains
Should always be double checked
Two devices should be used to close them
When would you use a chest drain or thoracentesis?
Chest cavity disease
Pleural effusion
What is an antitussive?
A drug that blocks the cough reflex
Examples of antitussives
Morphine
Codeine
Butorphanol
Dextromethorphan
When should antitussives be used?
Dry cough only
What do decongestants do?
Causes local vasoconstriction of mucous membranes which reduces swelling and oedema
Examples of decongestants
Pseudoephedrine
Phenylpropanolamine
Examples of mucolytics
Steam
Bromhexine
Acetylcysteine
What do expectorants do?
Increase output of bronchial secretions, enhance the clearance of bronchial exudate and promote a productive cough
Examples of expectorants
Saline expectorants- sodium citrate, potassium iodide
Volatile oils- eucalyptus oil
Guaifenesin
Examples of bronchodilators
Corticosteroids
Anticholinergics
Adrenic agents
Methylxanthines
What does MDI stand for?
Metered dose inhaler
Benefits of MDIs?
Shorter onset of action
High concentrations delivered to site
Less systematic effects
What can nebulisers deliver?
Antimicrobials Bronchodilators Mucolytic agents Saline Emergency drugs
Why are ultrasonic nebulisers good?
Smaller micron droplets reach alveoli
What’s important to note about MDI in small animal medicine?
Spacers must be used!
What are B2 agonists?
Bronchodilators
E.g. salbutamol
Example of a respiratory stimulant?
Doxapram
Examples of antimicrobials used for respiratory diseases
Doxycycline
Cephalexin
Amoxicillin and Clavulonic acid
Clotrimazole
What treats lungworms in cats?
Moxidectin or imacloprid
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