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System Path I > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of inflammation of nasal mucosa

A

adenovirus

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2
Q

which pulmonary function test is decreased in obstruction

A

FEV1

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3
Q

which pulmonary function test is from full inspiration to full expiration

A

vital capacity

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4
Q

which pulmonary function test is from end of normal expiration + residual volume?

A

functional residual capacity

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5
Q

which part of respiratory tract has clara cells?

A

bronchioles

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6
Q

kid inhaled a peanut, what lung changes in lung?

A

resorption atelectasis

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7
Q

large tumor on chest wall compresses pleura, what changes you see in lung?

A

compression atelectasis

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8
Q

lung injury leads to scarring, what lung changes?

A

contraction atelectasis

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9
Q

complete whiteout, rapid onset and severe hypoxemia, septicemia, what histo changes after 2 weeks? obstructive or restrictive?

A

proliferation of type II cells, alveolar septal thickening

restrictive

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10
Q

complete whiteout, rapid onset and severe hypoxemia, septicemia, what histo changes after 2 days? obstructive or restrictive?

A

hyaline membranes

restrictive

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11
Q

TLC: increased
FVC: normal
FEV1: decreased lots
FEV1:FVC - reduced

A

COPD

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12
Q

only reversible COPD

A

asthma

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13
Q

permanent airspace enlargement distal to terminal bronchiole, no fibrosis, imbalance of antiproteases and antioxidants. disease? obstructive or restrictive?

A

emphysema, obstructive

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14
Q

chronic liver disease, polymorphism in TGFB increases severity, PiZZ. Disease? why liver disease?

A

alpha-1-antitrypsin -> emphysema

A1-AT made in liver, misfolded, accumulates -> disease

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15
Q

“moth eaten” upper lung, free floating alveolar septa. disease? subtype? what causes it?

A

emphysema, centrilobular (centriacinar), smoking

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16
Q

panlobular (panacinar) form of emphysema caused by what?

A

A1-AT deficiency

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17
Q

4 obstructive lung diseases

A

emphysema
chronic bronchitis
asthma
bronchiectasis

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18
Q

patient with dyspnea, sits down in a forward hunched position, skinny, hyperventilation. Disease? what would you see on xray (2 things)?

A

barrel chest

flat domes of diaphragm

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19
Q

patient presents complaining of persistent, productive cough for over 3 months over the past couple years, see no eosinophils. disease? 1 cause, 2 histo findings

A

chronic bronchitis
smoking/city dwelling
increased goblet cells
hypertrophy of seromucinous glands

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20
Q

hypersecretion of mucus

A

chronic bronchitis

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21
Q

increased Reid index

A

thickening of glandular layer in large airways (hypertrophy of seromucinous glands) - chronic bronchitis

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22
Q

hypoxia, hypercapnea, cyanosis, obese, cor pulmonale. disease?

A

chronic bronchitis “blue bloaters”

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23
Q

episodic cough, wheezing, (+) wheal and flare test. Disease? name the cytokines involved

A

asthma (obstructive)
IL-4: class switching to IGE
IL-5: eosinophils!!!!
IL-13: IgE production by B cells

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24
Q

wheezing post viral infection, serum IgE normal disease?

A

non-atopic asthma

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25
runny nose, nasal polyp, bronchospasm, urticaria (hives), history of headache with aspirin treatment
drug induced asthma
26
curshmann spirals
asthma
27
charcot leyden crystals (what are they made of and what disease)
major basic protein from eosinophils | asthma
28
rare, lots of eosinophils, cardiac involvement, asthma, allergic rhinitis, lung infiltrates. what do you see on neutrophilic staining?
p-ANCA | churg-strauss syndrome
29
cell inclusions seen with langerhans histiocytosis
berbick granules, tennis racket shaped
30
patient with apex beat on the right, presents with cough and foul-smelling sputum. disease and 1 complication
bronchiectasis - permanent dilation of bronchioles and bonchi secondary (AA) amyloidosis
31
V-P mismatch, decreased lung compliance, fibroblasts (general)
restrictive lung disease
32
FVC: decreased FEV1: decreased FEV1:FVC - normal
restrictive lung disease
33
cobblestoned pleural surface, honeycomb change, lower lobe only, no asbestosis exposure, temporal and geographic heterogeneity, dry cough, crackles on inspiration Disease and prognosis
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) / Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) poor prognosis, relentless progression
34
young people, responds to steroid treatment, no honeycomb change, upper and lower lungs disease and prognosis
Nonspecific interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP) decent prognosis, responds to treatment
35
chicken wire fibrosis
Nonspecific interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP)
36
ground glass appearance, masson body, architecture intact. disease and prognosis
Cryptogenic organizing penumonia aka Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) recover spontaneously
37
masson body disease and what is it
COP/BOOP | central core of inflammatory cells (not in fibroblast foci)
38
young runner cant walk anymore, what other disease might he have?
collagen vascular disease is seen with lupus, rheumatoid, systemic sclerosis
39
sudden onset dyspnea, must be put on ventilator immediately, hyaline membranes
acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) | ideopathic ARDS basically
40
HIV+ pt shows expansion of interstitium by sheets of lymphoid cells, what can it progress to?
lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) | lymphoma
41
35 year old nonsmoking Swedish woman presents with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. On histology of biopsy you find schaumann and asteroid bodies. Disease? What type of hypersensitivity is involved? What would a PPD skin test reveal, why?
sarcoid type IV - CD4+ T cell mediated negative skin tests for PPD and candida due to anergy
42
laminated concretion of calcium and protein. what and disease?
schaumann body | sarcoid
43
alcoholic found in vomit, develops pneumonia. What might you find in the lungs and where?
abcess right lower lobe - less acute angle
44
mass at apex of lung
secondary TB | silicosis (usually many)
45
blue bloaters and pink puffers | type of lung disease and individual diseases with risk factors
obstructive blue: chronic bronchitis - smoking pink: emphysema - smoking
46
PAS+ globules in hepatocytes, what are they made of and disease
A1AT accumulations in emphysema
47
noncaseating granulmomas, bilateral lymph adenopathy, astronaut
berylliosis
48
cough, hypercalcemia, elevated ACE | disease and treatment
sarcoid | treat with steroids
49
pulmonary pressures are 1/4 of systemic is that normal? what is normal?
no its high | 1/8th of systemic is normal
50
BMPR2 inactivation in young adult females
proliferation of smooth muscle | primary pulmonary hypertension
51
3 things that can reduce surfactant production in newborn
prematurity caesarian section maternal diabetes (insulin decreases surfactant)
52
baby born with tachypnea with use of accessory muscles, grunting, cyanosis and ground glass apearance on xray, should you give them oxygen? why?
no, suffering from neonatal respiratory distress syndrome - supplemental oxygen increases the risk for free radical injury
53
person clearing out their basement with a dirt floor, spend years doing work down there. person develops lung carcinoma, what caused it? what else could cause the same disease?
radon - 2nd most frequent cause of lung carcinoma in US | uranium
54
person living in midwest presents with coin lesion, what is it what disease?
granuloma from Histoplasma
55
tumor of neuroendocrine Kulchitsky cells. disease, assoc. location
small cell lung carcinoma, male smokers, central
56
intercellular bridges in lung | disease, assoc. location
squamous cell carcinoma male smokers (most common tumor) central
57
peripheral tumor in nonsmoking female
adenocarcinoma
58
poorly differentiated big cells | disease, assoc. location, prognosis
large cell smoking central or peripheral poor prognosis
59
tumor arising from clara cells, looks like pneumonia on xray | disease, assoc. location, prognosis
bronchioloalveolar carcinoma not related to smoking peripheral excellent prognosis
60
neuroendocrine cell tumor, chromogranin positive | disease, assoc. location
carcinoid tumor not related to smoking/can cause carcinoid syndrome polyp-like mass in bronchus
61
cannon ball nodules, 2 most common causes
metastasis from breast and colon carcinoma
62
rupture of emphysematous bleb in young adults -> collapse of portion of lung problem and where does trachea shift?
spontaneous pneumothorax | trachea shifts to the side of collapse
63
person suffers penetrating chest wall injury, person cant breathe problem and where does trachea shift?
tension pneumothorax: air enters pleural space, cannot escape trachea pushed to opposite side of the injury
64
tumor follows shape of lungs in U around bottom lobe, what exposure is common?
asbestos
65
most common site for lung cancer to metastasize to?
adrenal gland
66
when do you see clubbing of fingernail?
lung cancer, lung abscess, bronchiectasis

System Path I (5 decks)

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