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Y1 Buzzwords > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

stony dull percussion

A

pleural effusion

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2
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

alveolar bat’s wings, kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion

A

pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

ground-glass appearance on X-ray

A

pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory distress of the newborn

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5
Q

ziel-neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

apical disease

A

secondary TB (most likely)

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7
Q

what is miliary tuberculosis?

A

when the organism has spread into the bloodstream

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8
Q

positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

goodpasture’s syndrome

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9
Q

chest infection with a bird as a pet

A

chlamydophila psittaci

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10
Q

dry cough and diarrhoea after a holiday abroad

A

legionella

test urine for antigens

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11
Q

tall, thin men short of breath with chest pain

A

pneumothorax

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12
Q

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, weight loss

A

sarcoidosis

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13
Q

bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT)/signet ring sign

A

bronchiectasis

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14
Q

D sign on CXR

A

empyema

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15
Q

steeple sign on XR

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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16
Q

child with barking cough

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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17
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV, treat with co-tramoxazole (+prednisolone if severe)

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18
Q

asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s triad

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19
Q

alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

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20
Q

red jelly sputum

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

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21
Q

mucoid sputum (white and frothy)

A

chlamydia psittaci

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22
Q

rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

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23
Q

cannonball metastases (+ weight loss and haematuria)

A

primary renal cell carcinoma

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24
Q

morning headache

A

hypercapnia (or side effects of organic nitrates)

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25
Q

lung cancer associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes

A

small cell lung cancer

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26
Q

parathyroid hormone secreting tumour

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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27
Q

increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

sarcoidosis

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28
Q

eggshell calcification and hilar region

A

silicosis

29
Q

heart failure cells (hemosiderin-containing macrophages/siderophages) seen in alveolar spaces

A

chronic pulmonary oedema and associated left-ventricular heart failure, long-standing pulmonary hypertension

30
Q

ghon focus lesion

A

TB

31
Q

assmann focus lesion

A

apical lesion of secondary TB infection

32
Q

coin lesion on CXR

A

primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, metastatic tumour, bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous inflammation, lung abscess

33
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the
intrathoracic nodes or a Pancoast’s tumour. Signs include: ptosis (drooping of the
eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (small pupil), and lack of sweating on the
ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of the face. This is due to invasion, of the
cervical sympathetic chain

34
Q

thumbprint sign head x-ray

A

epiglottitis

35
Q

inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

pertussis

36
Q

snow storm appearance on CXR

A

bartiosis, silicosis

37
Q

non-smoker with lung cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

38
Q

central lung cancers

A

squamous + small cell

39
Q

high d-dimers

A

increases suspicion of PE (send for CTPA and V/Q scan)

40
Q

low d-dimers

A

exclude pulmonary embolism

41
Q

large PE treatment

A

thrombolysis

42
Q

small PE treatment

A

LMWH

43
Q

respiratory alkalosis

A

panic attack

44
Q

frank pus on aspiration

A

empyema

45
Q

obstructive lung disease with raised eosinophils

A

asthma

46
Q

obstructive lung disease with raised neutrophils

A

COPD

47
Q

pickwickian disease

A

obese people whose body fat prevents air getting in (causes sleep apnoea and hypercapnia)

48
Q

guillian-barre

A

causes paralysis (preceded by strep infection in the resp or GI tract)

49
Q

2 types of coal workers pneumoconiosis

A

simple, progressive massive fibrosis

the problems are usually found at the apex

50
Q

bar wind, upper lobe venous diversion, fluid in horizontal fissure, kerley B lines

A

pulmonary oedema

51
Q

in asbestosis where are the problems found

A

base of the lung

52
Q

if PE is not life-threatening what is the treatment

A

warfarin and heparin

53
Q

type 1 diabetic, not taking insulin, is vomiting with dehydration and deep labored breathing

A

metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis)

54
Q

cANCA positive

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegner’s granulomatosis)

55
Q

most common lung cancer is smokers

A

squamous cell

56
Q

smoker with cavitating hilar tumours

A

squamous cell

57
Q

which lung cancer secretes parathyroid hormone and causes hypercalcemia

A

squamous cell

58
Q

lung cancer that is poorly differentiated and released sex hormone which can cause gyneocomastia

A

large cell

59
Q

chemosensitive lung cancer

A

small cell

60
Q

cancer that secretes ADH and ACTH

A

small cell

61
Q

rifampicin side effects

A

red-orange discoloration of urine and tears, rashes and heptotoxicity

62
Q

isoniazid side effects

A

peripheral neuropathy

63
Q

pyrazinamide side effects

A

join pain, rash, GI disturbances, itch, hepatotoxicity

64
Q

dry cough in young people

A

mycoplasma

65
Q

coxiella burnetii

A

sheep, farms, Q-fever

66
Q

red currant jelly sputum, COPD, alcoholic, elderly people

A

klebsiella

67
Q

staph aureus, pseudomonas aerungiosa

A

CF patients with pneumonia

68
Q

COPD, alcoholic, elderly

A

haemophilius influenzae

Y1 Buzzwords (4 decks)

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