Respiratory Flashcards
1) Which of the following is paired correctly?
a) external nose: communicates directly with pharynx
b) external nose: adds resonance
c) external nose: communicates with nasolacrimal ducts
d) internal nose: includes the frontal bone and nasal bones
e) internal nose: detects odors
B
2) Place the layers of the trachea in order from deep to superficial.
a) mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, adventitia
b) submucosa, mucosa, hyaline cartilage, adventitia
c) adventitia, hyaline cartilage, submucosa, mucosa
d) adventitia, hyaline cartilage, mucosa, submucosa
e) hyaline cartilage, submucosa, mucosa, adventitia
A
3) Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
a) The right lung usually has 3 lobes
b) Air normally fills the pleural cavity.
c) The visceral pleura covers the lungs.
d) The parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity.
e) The parietal and visceral pleura are separated by the pleural cavity.
B
4) A bronchopulmonary segment is directly supplied by a
a) primary bronchus.
b) secondary (lobar) bronchus.
c) tertiary (segmental) bronchus.
d) respiratory bronchiole.
e) alveolar duct.
C
5) Which of the following muscles contract during quiet exhalation?
a) diaphragm
b) internal intercostal muscles
c) abdominal muscles
d) All of these choices contract during quiet exhalation.
e) None of these choices contract during quiet exhalation.
E
6) If you were to take 10 breaths/min and inhaled about 600 mL/breath, your minute ventilation rate would be
a) 60 mL/min.
b) 6 L/min.
c) 10 mL/min.
d) 1 L/min.
e) 10 L/min.
B
7) Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a) According to Dalton’s law, if the partial pressure of oxygen in the air were to decrease, the partial pressures of nitrogen and carbon dioxide would increase to compensate.
b) According to Dalton’s law, gas at a low partial pressure will remain in solution longer than if that gas were present at a higher partial pressure.
c) According to Henry’s law, little nitrogen is normally present in the blood because of the low solubility of nitrogen.
d) All of these choices are correct.
e) None of these choices are correct.
C
8) All of the following have a significant effect on the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange EXCEPT
a) external air temperature.
b) partial pressure difference of the gases.
c) surface area available for gas exchange.
d) diffusion distance.
e) molecular weight and solubility of the gases.
A
9) All of the following statements are True EXCEPT
a) 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
b) hemoglobin will bind more oxygen when the partial pressure is low than when partial pressure is high
c) oxygen dissociates more readily from hemoglobin as pH decreases.
d) increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin.
e) decreasing temperature will cause a shift to the left in the hemoglobin saturation curve.
B
10) Hemoglobin can unload more oxygen in metabolically active tissues than in tissues at rest because
a) the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher.
b) acids produced by metabolically active tissues decreases pH which decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
c) increasing body temperature decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
d) All of these choices are True.
D
11) Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a) The inflation reflex insures that the lungs will inflate enough during forced inhalation.
b) A decreased blood oxygen level is the strongest physiologic trigger for increased respiration.
c) The appropriate physiologic response to hypercapnia is hyperventilation.
d) Prolonged, severe pain will cause eupnea.
e) Increased activity of proprioceptors will decrease the rate and depth of ventilation.
C
12) Regarding the partial pressures of O2 and CO2, which of the following statements is NOT true in a normal person at rest?
a) PCO2 in the systemic veins is greater than systemic arterial PCO2.
b) The PCO2 in air is less than alveolar PCO2.
c) The PO2 in systemic arteries is typically greater than the alveolar PO2.
d) PCO2 in the pulmonary arteries is greater than pulmonary venous PCO2.
e) Atmospheric PO2 is greater than alveolar PO2.
C
- Gas exchange between lungs and blood is
External respiration
- Gas exchange between blood and tissues is
Internal respiration
- Three parts of the pharynx
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx
- Three unpaired cartilages of the larynx
Epiglottis, Thyroid Cartilage, & Cricoid Cartilage
- The opening in the vocal folds that allows air in and out
Glottis
- Tube that carries air from larynx to the bronchi
Trachea
- Area where trachea splits into primary bronchi
Carina
- Serous membrane covering the lungs
Parietal Pleura
- Three lobes of the right lung
Superior, Middle, & Inferior
- Two fissures of the right lung
Horizontal & Oblique
- Tiny sacs where gas exchange in lung takes place
Alveoli
- Muscles responsible for inhalation of the lung
Diaphragm & External Intercostals
- Volume of air reflected by normal breathing
Tidal Volume
- Volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation
Residual Volume
- Amount of air in lungs after maximum inhalation
Total Lung Capacity
The amount of effort required to stretch the lungs and chest wall is referred to as
Compliance
Which two areas of the brainstem contain nuclei collectively referred to as the respiratory center;
Medulla Oblongata and Pons
Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory system? a. Nose b. Oral cavity c. Pharynx d. Trachea e. Nasal meatuses
D
The conducting zone does NOT act to a. Clean air of debris b. Conduct air into the lungs c. Add water to air d. Warm air e. All of the above
E
The nose connects with the pharynx through the a. Septal cartilage b. External nares c. Choanae d. Uvula e. Nasal meatuses
C
Which of the following is a passageway for air, food and water? a. Pharynx b. Larynx c. Paranasal sinuses d. Trachea e. Esophagus
A
The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called a. Palatine b. Hypopharynx c. Meatuses d. Fauces e. Vestibule
D
This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea. a. Arytenoid cartilage b. Epiglottis c. Nasopharynx d. Thyroid cartilage e. Paranasal sinus
B
During swallowing, which structure rises? a. Pharynx b. esophagus c. Trachea d. Palatine tonsils e. Primary bronchi
A
These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage. a. Corniculate cartilage b. Arytenoids cartilage c. Cricotracheal cartilage d. Cuneiform cartilage e. Laryngeal cartilage
B
Pitch is controlled by a. Vibration of the vocal chords b. Tension of the vocal chords c. Layers of cartilage in the vocal chords d. Arrangement of the vocal chords e. None of the above
B
This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi. a. Trachea b. Larynx c. Nasopharynx d. Pharynx e. None of the above
A
This is the primary gas exchange site. a. Trachea b. Bronchiole c. Nasal sinuses d. Alveolus e. Bronchus
D
.Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system? a. stratified squamous epithelium with keratin b. ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells c. hyaline cartilage d. mucus membrane e. bone
C
.Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs? a. stratified squamous epithelium with keratin b. ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells c. cilated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells d. transitional epithelium with cilia e. columnar connective tissue with goblet cells
B
The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called a. Carina b. Secondary bronchioles c. Parietal pleura
d. Visceral pleura e. Diaphragm
A
.Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus? a. stratified squamous epithelium b. ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells c. simple squamous epithelium d. hyaline cartilage e. columnar connective tissue with goblet cells
C
These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant. a. Type I alveolar cells b. Type II alveolar cells c. Type III alveolar cells d. Surface cells e. Macrophages
B
This is direction of diffusion of gases at capillaries near systemic cells. a. Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood b. Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood c. Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood d. Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood
B
.This is direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs. a. Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood b. Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood c. Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood d. Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood
C
Exhalation begins when a. A. Inspiratory muscles relax b. B. Diaphragm contracts c. C. Blood circulation is the lowest d. Both a and b e. All of the above
A
This means the lungs and the chest wall expand easily. a. High surface tension b. Low surface tension c. High compliance d. Low compliance e. None of the above
C
The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo respiratory exchange are known as the a. Inspiratory volume b. Expiratory reserve volume c. Minimal volume d. Residual volume
e. Respiratory dead space
E
This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume. a. Total lung capacity b. Functional residual capacity c. Inspiratory capacity d. Vital capacity e. Minimal volume
Ans: B
B
Which of the following is not a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on. a. Partial pressure difference of the gases b. Surface area for gas exchange c. Diffusion distance d. Molecular weight and solubility of the gases e. Force of contraction of diaphragm
E
Which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport? a. Bound to hemoglobin b. Bound to oxygen c. Dissolved in plasma as a gas d. Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions e. Diffusion
D
When blood pH drops then the amount of oxyhemoglobin _______ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells ________________. a. increases, increases b. Increases, decreases c. Decreases, increases d. Decreases, decreases e. Does not change, does not change
C
Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen? a. pH of blood b. Partial pressure of the oxygen c. Amount of oxygen available d. Temperature e. Respiratory rate
E
