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Digestive and Respiratory > Digestive 3 > Flashcards

Digestive 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive System and its functions including stages

A 
•	Ingestion
•	Digestion
•	Absorption
•	Defecation
	Digestive tract (alimentary canal)
	Gastrointestinal tract (GI)
	Accessory organs
•	Motility
o	Mixing and Propulsion
	Segmentation
	Peristalsis
	Migrating Motility Complex
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2
Q

Digestive tract/Alimentary canal/Gastrointestinal tract (GI tract)

A

Oral cavity→ Pharynx→ Esophagus→ Stomach→ Small intestine→ Large intestine

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3
Q

Accessory organs

A

Salivary glands→ Liver and Gallbladder→ Pancreas

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4
Q

Mucosa

A

Epithelium
Stratified squamous non-keratinized-Simple columnar with or without microvilli and goblet cells
Exocrine & Enteroendocrine cells

Lamina propria (areolar connective tissue)
Blood & Lymph vessels
MALT

Solitary lymphatic nodules and aggregated lymphatic nodules

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5
Q

Muscularis mucosae

A

(smooth muscle→ creates folds to increase surface area)

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6
Q

Submucosa (areolar connective tissue)

A

Blood, Lymphatic vessels and glands

Submucosal nerve plexus

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7
Q

Muscularis (mixing and propulsion of food)

A

Skeletal muscle (oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and anal canal)

Smooth muscle

Myenteric nerve plexus

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8
Q

Serosa (visceral peritoneum)

A

Serosa (visceral peritoneum)

Mesothelium (areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium)

Adventitia→ covers esophagus, which is just a simple layer of areolar connective tissue

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9
Q

Muscles of Mastication and nerves that innervate them

A

Masseter & Temporalis (trigeminal)

Medial & Lateral Pterygoid (trigeminal)

Platysma & Digastric (facial)

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10
Q

Salivary Glands

intrinsic and extrinsic locations

A

Intrinsic salivary glands
Lingual- tongue
Labial- inside lips
Buccal- inside cheeks

Extrinsic salivary glands Parotid- anterior to earlobe
Submandibular- medial mandible
Sublingual- floor of mouth

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11
Q

Pharynx structures and tissue that surrounds it

A
  • Nasopharynx (pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells)
  • Oropharynx (stratified squamous non-keratinized)
  • Laryngopharynx (stratified squamous non-keratinized)
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12
Q

Esophagus is posterior to the ? and anterior to the ?

A

posterior to trachea

anterior to vertebral column

and 10 inches long

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13
Q

Esophagus has two sphincters

A
  • Upper esophageal sphincter

* Lower esophageal sphincter (gastroesophageal/cardiac)

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14
Q

Esophagus starts and ends at?

A

• Laryngopharynx(C6)→ stomach(T10)

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15
Q

Esophagus is made up of what kind of tissue

A

• Tissue (stratified squamous non-keratinized)

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16
Q

Esophageal hiatus (hiatus hernia) is?

A

opening in diaphragm in which the esophagus and vagus nerve pass

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17
Q

the stomach is located in the

A

• Left Upper Quadrant-J Shaped Organ

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18
Q

what connects the esophagus to the stomach

A

• Gastroesophageal sphincter (cardiac)

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19
Q

Lesser curvature is covered with the

A

Lesser omentum

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20
Q

Greater Curvature is covered with the

A

greater omentum

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21
Q

what type of epithelial issue is the stomach made up of

A

• (simple columnar with goblet cells)

22
Q

Main cause of stomach ulcers is

A

• (Helicobacter pylori—H. pylori bacteria)

23
Q

how long is the small intestine

A

• About 20 feet long- runs from pyloric sphincter → ileocecal valve

24
Q

the Duodenum contains the

A

Pyloric sphincter

25
Q

the ileum contains the

A

Ileocecal Valve

26
Q

circular folds on the small intestine are known as

A

plicae circulares

27
Q

Villi in the small intestine function as

A

the main structure for absorption

28
Q

epithelial tissue in the small intestine is

A

called Microvilli or the brush border

29
Q

The Lamina Propria in the small intestine contain

A

o MALT

 Solitary lymphatic nodules

 Peyer’s patches (aggregated lymphatic follicles)

 Arteriole—Venule—Lacteal

30
Q

submucosa in the small intestine contain

A

Lymphatic tissue

Duodenal glands (Brunner’s gland)

31
Q

how long is the large intestine

A

• About 5 feet long-runs from ileocecal valve→ anal canal

32
Q

where does the large intestine begin

A

starts at end of the ileum at the ileocecal valve at the Cecum

33
Q

the appendix is located

A

in the right lower quadrant

34
Q

the internal anal sphincter is what kind of muscle

A

smooth muscle

35
Q

the external anal sphincter is what kind of muscle

A

skeletal muscle, anus

36
Q

Food Pathway from start to finish

A

Oral cavity-Pharynx-Esophagus-Gastroesophgeal sphincter-Stomach-Pyloric sphincter-Duodenum (most digestion)-Jejunum (most absorption)-Ileum (most absorption)-Ileocecal valve-Cecum-Ascending colon-Right Hepatic flexure-Transverse colon-Left Splenic flexure-Descending colon-Sigmoid colon-Rectum-Anal canal

37
Q

round ligament of the liver is also known as the

A

(ligamentum teres→ umbilical vein)

38
Q

Porta hepatis of the liver is made up of

A

o Common hepatic duct
o Hepatic artery
o Hepatic portal vein

39
Q

the Falciform ligament is

A

peritoneal fold

40
Q

The gallbladder

A

storage site for bile

41
Q

Bile canaliculi flow of bile

A

Bile canaliculi → Bile ductules → Bile ducts (right & left hepatic ducts)

42
Q

Portal Triad is made up of

A

Bile duct
Branch of hepatic artery
Branch of hepatic portal vein

43
Q

Stellate Reticuloendothelial Cell (Kupffer cell) is

A

macrophage, involved in phagocytosis of RBCs

44
Q

Flow of Bile

A

Hepatocytes→ Bile Canaliculi→ Bile Ductules→
Right & Left Hepatic ducts-(feed into CHD)

Common Hepatic ducts- (combines with Cystic)

Cystic duct- (from gallbladder)
Common Bile duct- (Cystic & CHD)

Hepatopancreatic Ampulla→ Hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of Oddi—Bile & Pancreatic ducts, release into small intestine)

45
Q

the pancreas is located

A

underneath the stomach

46
Q

the pancreas has three parts called

A

Head, Body, Tail

47
Q

Endocrine cells of the pancreas are

A

Endocrine cells→ Pancreatic Islets
Alpha→ Glucagon
Beta→ Insulin
Delta→ Somatostatin

48
Q

Exocrine cells of the pancreas are

A

Exocrine cells → Pancreatic Acini→ Pancreatic Juice

Acinar cells→ amylase, lipase, proteases and nucleases

Duct cells→ bicarbonate

49
Q

pancreatic duct joins the

A

bile duct st the hepatopancreatic ampulla

50
Q

Pancreatic duct only secrets

A

pancreatic juice

Digestive and Respiratory (5 decks)

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