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Physiology PLE by DES > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 pneumocyte is for

A

Gas exchange

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2
Q

Type 2 pneumocyte is for

A

Surfactant production

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3
Q

Produces protective GAGs and metabolize air-borne toxins

A

CLARA cells or

Club cells

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4
Q

Alveolar macrophages

A

Dust cells

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5
Q

VT(tidal vol) X breaths/min

A

Minute ventilation

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6
Q

(Tidal volume-physiologic dead space) x breaths/min

A

Alveolar ventilation

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7
Q

Physiologic dead space

Formula?

A

Bohr formula

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8
Q

Utilized during exercise

A

IRV

Insipiratory reserve volume

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9
Q

Amout if air inhaled or exhaled at relaxed state

A

Tidal volume
500 ml
150 ml - dead space
350 ml - respiratory unit of lung

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10
Q

Maintain oxygenation in between breaths

A

Residual volume

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11
Q

Marker for lung function

A

Functional residual capacity

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12
Q

Remaining air in the lungs after maximal exhalation

A

Residual volume

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13
Q

Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled or exhaled

A

VC vital capacity or FVC forced vital capacity

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14
Q

Primary drive to breath in COPD patients

A

Hypoxic drive

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15
Q

Nerve in breathing

A

Phrenic nerve

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16
Q

Muscles used in forced inspiration

A

External intercostals, accessory muscles
Ribs move upward and outward
Abdominal contents move upward

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17
Q

V/Q ratio in pneumothorax

A

Decreased

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18
Q

Trachea shifts toward the affected lung

A

Spontaneous pneumothorax

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19
Q

Trachea shifts away from the affected lung

A

Tension pneumothorax

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20
Q

In emphysema lung compliance is?

A

Increased

Barrel chested

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21
Q

In fibrosis lung compliance is

A

Decreased

Lung compliance is inversely related to the elastic recoil properties of the lung

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22
Q

Force caused by water molecules at the air-liquid interface that tends to minimize surface area

A

Surface tension

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23
Q

Cell that produces surfactant

A

Type 2 pneumocytes

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24
Q

MAIN component of surfactant

A

Water

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25
Q

Active component of surfactant

A

Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC)

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26
Q

Mechanism for DPPC reducing surface tension

A

Ampiphatic nature (hydrophobic and hydrophilic)

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27
Q

Effect of surfactant on lung compliance

A

Increase

28
Q

Start of surfactant production

A

24th week AOG

29
Q

Maturation of surfactant

A

35th week AOG

30
Q

Test for surfactant

A

Amniotic L:S Ratio

31
Q

Treatment for newborn RDS

A

Steriods
Surfactant

Betamethasone/dexamethasone - long acting steroid

32
Q

Lung surfactant is ____ in chronic smokers

Inc or dec

A

Decreased

33
Q

For what is Poiseuille law

A

Airway resistance

34
Q

Major site of airway resistance

A

Medium-sized bronchi

35
Q

At FRC, alveolar pressure =

A

0

36
Q

Law implying that an increase in lung volume will decrease pressure

A

Boyle’s law

37
Q

Law for mixed gases

A

Dalton’s law of partial pressure

38
Q

Law of gases dissolved in solution

A

Henry’s law for concentration of dissolved gases

39
Q

Law for transfer of gases through simple diffusion in cell membranes or capillary walls

A

Fick’s law of diffusion

40
Q

Gas exchange from alveoli into the blood uses ___ diffusion

A

Passive diffusion

41
Q

Hemoglobin binds with oxygen

A

Oxyhemoglobin

42
Q

Hgb binds with carbon monoxide

A

Carboxyhgb

43
Q

Hgb binds with Co2

A

Carbaminohgb

44
Q

This poisoning has the greatest reduction in 02 delivery to the tissues

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

45
Q

Where does 2,3 BPG binds more

A

To HbA

46
Q

O2 Hgb dissociation curve is what shape

A

Sigmoidal in shape

47
Q

This shift is d/t carbon dioxide, acidosis, 2,3 BPG, exercise and temperature

A

Shift to the right

48
Q

This shift is d/t carbon monoxide, HbF

A

Shift to the left

49
Q

Cause of hypoxia where in there is decreased O2 content of blood

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

50
Q

Cause of hypoxia where in there is decreased utilization of O2 by the tissues

A

Cyanide poisoning

51
Q

In an upright position which area of the lung will have higher compliance

A

Base of the lungs

52
Q

Can override the autonomic brainstem centers

Involved in voluntary hyperventilation and hypoventilation

A

Cerebral cortex

53
Q

Creates the basic respiratory rhythm

A

Medulla

54
Q

Modifies the basic RR

A

Pons

55
Q

It contains the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers

A

Pons

56
Q

Control center responsible for main respiratory center

A

Dorsal root ganglion

57
Q

This is responsible for forced inspiration and expiration (overdrive mechanism)

A

Ventral root ganglion

58
Q

Located at upper pons where it shortens time for inspiration = inc RR

A

Pneumotaxic center

59
Q

Located at lower pons where in prolongs time for inspiration = dec RR

A

Apneustic center

60
Q

Mechanoreceptor stimulated by lung distension

A

Lung stretch receptors

61
Q

Mechanoreceptor that is stimulated by limb movement

A

Joint & muscle receptors

62
Q

Stimulated by noxious chemicals

Causes bronchoconstriction and increases respiratory rate

A

Irritant receptors

63
Q

This mechanoreceptor is found in juxtacapillary areas that is stimulated by pulmonary capillary engorgement
Causes rapid shallow breathing and for feeling of dyspnea

A

J receptors

Jyspnea

64
Q

Located at the ventral medulla that causes inc RR

A

Central chemoreceptors

65
Q

Where is peripheral chemoreceptors located

A

Carotid and aortic bodies

Hypoxemia produces hyperventilation

Physiology PLE by DES (4 decks)

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