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Physiology PLE by DES > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Contains mucus neck cells, parietal cells and chief cells

A

Oxyntic glands (body)

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2
Q

Contains g cells, mucus cells

A

Pyloric glands (antrum)

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3
Q

Secretes mucus and HCo3

A

Mucus cells, mucus neck cells

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4
Q

Secretes HCl and IF

A

Parietal cells/ oxyntic cells

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5
Q

Secretes gastrin

A

G cells

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6
Q

Secretes serotonin

A

Enterochromaffin cells

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7
Q

Secretes histamine

A

Enterochromaffin-like cells / ECL cells

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8
Q

Secretes pepsinogen

A

Chief/ peptic cells

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9
Q

Site of secretion of intrinsic factor

A

Gastric fundus

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10
Q

Site of secretion of gastric

A

Gastric antrum

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11
Q

When parietal cells are stimulated they secrete

A

HCl and IF

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12
Q

Drugs that block HCl secretion
On m3
On H2
on HKATPase exhange pump

A

M3 - atropine
H2 - cimetidine
HKATPase exchange pump - omeprazole

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13
Q

Inhibits both gastrin and acetylcholine mediated secretion of acid

A

H2 blockers

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14
Q

Secretion of what substance is inhibited by low pH?

A

Gastrin

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15
Q

H2 blocker that causes gynecomastia

A

Cimetidine

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16
Q

Steatorrhea in pts with pancreatitis is 2dry to decrease in luminal levels of

A

Pancreatic lipase

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17
Q

2nd messenger of secretin

A
  • cAMP
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18
Q

2nd messenger of CCK

A

IP3-DAG

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19
Q

Most common component of bile

A

Water

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20
Q

Active component of bile

A

Bile salts

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21
Q

Causes GB contraction

A

CCK and Ach

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22
Q

Causes Sphincter of Oddi relaxation

A

CCK

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23
Q

Removal of terminal ileum results in

A

Steatorrhea

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24
Q

Site of Na-bile acid cotransport

A

Ileum

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25
Q

Secondary active transport of glucose and galactose

A

SGLT-1

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26
Q

Facilitated diffusion of fructose

A

GLUT-5

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27
Q

Facilitated diffusion of all types of monosaccharides

A

GLUT-2

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28
Q

Required for protein assimilation that is a brushborder enzyme

A

Enterokinase

Also called enteropeptidase

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29
Q

Degrade chon from interior peptide bonds

A

Endopeptidases

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30
Q

Degrade chon from the edge of the protein (c terminus)

A

Exopepeptidases

31
Q

Lipids enter intestinal cell via

A

Micelles

32
Q

Lipids leave intestinal cells via

A

Chylomicrons

33
Q

Vit b12 is absorbed in

A

Ileum using IF

34
Q

Vit b12 and pernicious anemia is caused by

A

Lack of IF

35
Q

Micelle formation is necessary for the intestinal absorption of

A

Vitamin b12

36
Q

Superfamily of enzymes that inactivates/activates xenobiotics

A

Cytochrome P450

37
Q

Cell that is found in the space of Disse for vitamin A storage

A

Ito cells

38
Q

Act as antigen presenting cells found in the lover sinusoids

A

Kupffer cells

39
Q

Layer of the GIT

That is for secretion and absorption

A

Mucosa

40
Q

Layer of the GIT

Smooth muscle controlling epithelium

A

Muscularis mucosa

41
Q

Layer of the GIT

CT and BV

A

Lamina propia

42
Q

Layer of the GIT

Collagen, elastin, glands, blood vessels

A

Submucosa

43
Q

Layer of the GIT

Decreases diameter of lumen

A

Inner circular

44
Q

Layer of the GIT

Shortens segment f GIT

A

Outer longitudinal

45
Q

Layer of the GIT

Aka adventitia/ mesothelium

A

Serosa

46
Q

Between submucosa and inner circular muscle layer

A

Meissner plexus/ submucosal plexus

47
Q

Between inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layer that action: contraction of inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle for motility

A

Auerbach plexus/ myenteric plexus

48
Q

Layer that is not seen in esophagus

A

Serosa

49
Q

Strongest layer of esophagus

A

Submucosa

50
Q

Inhibits gastric emptying

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

51
Q

Secreted in response to an oral glucose load

A

CCK/ cholecystokinin

52
Q

Secreted by pancreas in response to CHO, CHON, lipids

A

Pancreatic polypeptide

Inhibits pancreatic HCo3 and enzymes

53
Q

Secreted by intestinal cells in response to hypoglycemia

Stimulates glycogenolyis ang gluconeogenesis

A

Enteroglucan

54
Q

Secreted by L-cells

Stimulates insulin secretion

A

GLP-1

Glucagon-like peptide 1

55
Q

Inhibits gastric H secretion

Inhibits all GI hormones

A

Somatostatin

56
Q

Relaxes

Lower esophageal sphincter, orad stomach, pyloric sphincter, ileocecal valve

A

VIP

57
Q

Found at the ventromedial hypothalamus

Inhibits appetite

A

Satiety center

58
Q

Found at the hypothalamic area; stimulates appetite

A

Appetite/ hunger center

59
Q

Sends signals to satiety and hunger centers

A

Arcuate nucleus

60
Q

Inhibits ghrelin

A

Leptin
Insulin
GLP 1

61
Q

Due to oscillating resting membrane potentials in SI smooth muscle cells

A

Slow waves

62
Q

Swallowing center

A

Medulla

CN IX and X

63
Q

What phase?

Soft palate pulled upward (closes nasopharynx) glottis covered (prevents aspiration) UES relaxes

A

Pharyngeal phase

64
Q

What phase?

UES closes, primary and secondary esophageal peristalsis occur

A

Esophageal phase

65
Q

A condition in which esophageal myenteric plexus is deficient, NO and VIP is deficient

A

Achalasia

66
Q

Capacity of stomach

A

1.5 L

67
Q

Back-and-forth movement with no net forward motion; mixes chyme with pancreatic enzymes

A

Segmentation contraction

68
Q

Propels chyme towards large intestines

A

Peristaltic contraction

69
Q

Prevents reflux into the ileum

A

Ileocecal valve

70
Q

For absorption of water

A

Proximal colon

71
Q

Storage of feces

A

Distal colon

72
Q

Gas from colon is derived from fermentation of

A

Oligosaccharides

73
Q

Vomiting center

A

Medulla

74
Q

Most basic GI juice

A

Brunner’s gland secretion 8-8.9

Pancreatic secretion 8-8.3

Physiology PLE by DES (4 decks)

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