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FRACP short case > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory causes of Clubbing?

A

Lung carcinoma
Chronic pulmonary suppuration - bronchiectasis, lung abscess, empyema
IPF
Asbestosis
CF
Mesothelioma
Mediastinal disease - thymoma, lymphoma, carcinoma

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2
Q

Non-respiratory causes of clubbing?

A 
Infective endocarditis
Congenital heart disease - eisenmengers, ToF
IBD
Liver cirrhosis
Coeliac disease
Thyrotoxicosis
Familial 
Idiopathic
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3
Q

Term for normal breath sounds?

A

Vesicular

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4
Q

Causes of Bronchial breath sounds?

A

Lobar pneumonia
Localised fibrosis or collapse
Adjacent to a pleural effusion
Large lung cavity

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5
Q

Causes of reduced breath sounds?

A 
Emphysema
Large lung mass
Collapse
Fibrosis
Pneumonia
Effusion
Pneumothorax
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6
Q

Causes of inspiratory wheeze/rhonchi?

A

Asthma

Extrathoracic obstruction

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7
Q

Causes of expiratory wheeze/rhonchi?

A

Asthma

COPD

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8
Q

Causes of fixed inspiratory wheeze?

A

Fixed bronchial obstruction - carcinoma

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9
Q

Cause of early inspiratory crackles?

A

COPD

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10
Q

Causes of late/pan inspiratory crackles?

A 
Fine = fibrosis
Medium = LV failure
Coarse = bronchiectasis or retained secretions
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11
Q

Lights criteria?

A

Transudate:

  • Pleural:serum protein <0.5
  • Pleural LDH <2/3 ULN
  • Pleural:serum LDH <0.6

Exudate:

  • Pleural:serum protein ratio >0.5
  • Pleural LDH >2/3rds ULN
  • Pleural:serum LDH >0.6
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12
Q

Causes of transudate?

A 
CCF
Nephrotic syndrome
Liver failure
Meig's syndrome - ovarian fibroma
Hypothyroidism
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13
Q

Causes of exudate?

A 
Pneumonia
Neoplasm
TB
Sarcoidosis
Pulmonary infarction
Abscess
RA
SLE
Drugs - Nitrofurantoin, chemoTx
Radiation
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14
Q

Signs of ILD?

A

Dry cough, crackles and clubbing

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15
Q

Signs of bronchiectasis?

A

Loose cough, sputum mug, coarse crackles and wheezes, clubbing

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16
Q

Sign of COPD?

A

Over-inflated chest, cyanosis, pursed lip breathing, reduced breath sounds and wheezes, Hoovers sign

17
Q

Signs of pleural effusion?

A

Stony dullness
Bronchial breathing above
Needle marks from previous aspirations
Pleural catheters

18
Q

Signs of Thoracoplasty?

A

Gross unilateral chest deformity, big scar

19
Q

Signs of cystic fibrosis?

A

Young patients
Bronchectasis
Cachexia

20
Q

Signs of treated carcinoma?

A 
Clubbing
Scars
Radiotherapy marks
Signs of effusion or collapse
Lymph nodes

FRACP short case (11 decks)

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