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FRACP short case > Gastroenterology and Haematology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology and Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of massive Hepatomegaly?

A 
Metastasis
Alcoholic liver disease with fatty infiltration
Myeloproliferative disorder
Right heart failure
HCC
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2
Q

Causes of moderate hepatomegaly?

A 
Metastasis
EtOH with fatty infiltration
Myeloproliferative disorder
Right heart failure
HCC
Haemochromatosis
Other haem. malignancies - CML, lymphoma
NAFLD - obesity, DM
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3
Q

Causes of mild hepatomegaly?

A 
Metastasis
EtOH with fatty infiltration
Myeloproliferative disorder
Right heart failure
HCC
Haemochromatosis
Other haem. malignancies - CML, lymphoma
NAFLD - obesity, DM
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Biliary obstruction
Granulomatous disorders
Hydatid disease
Amyloidosis
HIV
Ischaemia
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4
Q

Causes of a firm and irregular liver?

A

Cirrhosis
Metastatic disease
Hydatid, granuloma, amyloid, cysts, lipiodosis

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5
Q

Causes of a tender liver?

A

Hepatitis
Rapid liver enlargement - right heart failure or budd-chiari syndrome
HCC

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6
Q

Causes of a pulsatile liver?

A

Tricuspid regurgitation
HCC
Vascular abnormalities

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7
Q

Causes of bilateral renal masses?

A 
Polycystic kidney disease
Bilateral hydronephrosis
Bilateral renal cell carcinoma
Bilateral acute renal vein thrombosis
Amyloid, lymphoma, and other infiltrative diseases
Acromegaly
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8
Q

Causes of a unilateral renal mass?

A 
Renal cell carcinoma
Hydronephrosis
Polycystic kidney - asymmetric
Acute renal vein thrombosis
Solitary kidney
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9
Q

If patient has PCKD then what?

A

Examine:

  • BP
  • Signs of anaemia and polycythaemia
  • Liver and spleen ?cysts

Ix:
- Brain for intracranial aneurysm

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10
Q

Causes of right iliac fossa masses?

A 
Appendiceal masses
Carcinoma of the caecum
Crohn's disease
Pelvic disease
Ovarian cyst or tumour
Carcinoid tumour
Amoebiasis
Psoas abscess
Ileocaecal TB
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11
Q

Causes of left iliac fossa masses?

A 
Faeces
Carcinoma of sigmoid or descending colon
Diverticular disease
Ovarian tumour or cyst
Psoas abscess
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12
Q

Causes of upper abdominal masses?

A 
Retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy
AAA
Carcinoma of stomach
Pancreatic pseudocyst or tumour
Pyloric stenosis
Carcinoma of transverse colon
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13
Q

Causes of massive splenomegaly?

A

CML
Myelofibrosis
Primary lymphoma of spleen, hairy cell leukaemia
Malaria

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14
Q

Causes of moderate splenomegaly?

A 
CML
Myelofibrosis
Lymphoma, leukaemia
Portal HTN
Thalassaemia
Storage disorders
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15
Q

Causes of small splenomegaly?

A 
CML
Myelofibrosis
Lymphoma, leukaemia
Portal HTN
Thalassaemia
Storage disorders 
Other myeloproliferative disorders - PRV, ET
Haemolytic anaemia
Megaloblastic anaemia
Infection - viral or bacterial
Connective tissue disease or vasculitis
Infiltration - amyloidosis and sarcoidosis
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16
Q

Causes of hepatosplenomegaly?

A

Chronic liver disease with portal hypertension
Haematological disease - MPD, lymphoma, leukaemia, pernicious anaemia, SCA
Infection - hepatitis, glandular fever, CMV
Infiltration - amyloidosis, sarcoidosis
Connective tissue disease - SLE
Acromegaly
Thyrotoxicosis

17
Q

Signs of Haemochromatosis?

A 
Pigmentation
Arthropathy - MCP of index and middle fingers
Testicular atrophy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Glycosuria
18
Q

Signs of Felty’s syndrome?

A

RA
Splenomegaly
Thrombocytopenia

19
Q

Causes of epitrochlear nodes?

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

20
Q

Causes of palpable purpura?

A

Vasculitis
Dysglobulinaemia
Bacteraemia

21
Q

Causes of gum hypertrophy?

A

AML
Scurvy
Chemotherapy

22
Q

Causes of atrophic glossitis?

A

Iron deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency

23
Q

Causes of leg ulceration?

A 
Heriditar spherocytosis
sickle cell anaemia
Thalassemia
Macroglobulinaemia
Felty's syndrome
HSP
24
Q

Causes of generalised lymphadenopathy?

A 
Lymphoma
Leukaemia
Malignant disease
Infections - viral, bacterial, protozoal
Connentive tissue disease - RA, SLE
Sarcoidosis
Drugs - phenytoin

FRACP short case (11 decks)

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