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Anatomy MBCHB 1 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What structures do ribs attach to?

A

Vertebral bodies

Sternum

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2
Q

Which two bones are found at the anterior chest?

A

Manubrium

sternum

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3
Q

How many pairs of ribs?

A

12

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4
Q

How many true ribs?

A

1-7

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5
Q

False ribs?

A

8-10

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6
Q

Floating ribs?

A

11,12

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7
Q

Why are they called false ribs?

A

Ribs 8-10 do not attach directly to the sternum

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8
Q

What is the name of the cartilage at the ribs?

A

Costal cartilage

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9
Q

What is different about the 1st rib?

A
  • Short, wide and flat

- Scalene tubercle

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10
Q

What structures surround the scalene tubercle?

A
  • Scalene muscle
  • Subclavian artery- posterior
  • Subclavian vein- anterior
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11
Q

Describe a typical thoracic vertebra

A
  • Body is heart shaped
  • Intermediate size
  • Spinous process is long and thin
  • Vertebral foramen
  • Intervertebral notch
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12
Q

Which structures pass through the Vertebral foramen?

A

Spinal cord and meninges

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13
Q

Which is the most inner layer of the meninges?

A

-Pia mater

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14
Q

Where is the CSF located?

A

Between the Pia and the Arachnoid

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15
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1-L2

-filum terminale

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16
Q

muscles of inspiration?

A

External intercostals

diaphragm

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17
Q

Muscles of active expiration?

A
  • Internal intercostals

- abdominals

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18
Q

Accessory muscles of respiration?

A
  • Scalenes

- Sternocleidomastoids

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19
Q

Which intercostal muscles are membranous at the front?

A

External intercostals

Point down and forward

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20
Q

Which intercostal muscles are membranous at the back?

A

The internal intercostals

Point down and backward

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21
Q

Describe the innermost intercostal muscles

A
  • same orientation as internal

- only found laterally

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22
Q

What muscles continue the innermost at the back?

A

Subcostalis muscles

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23
Q

Which muscles continue the innermost at the front?

A

Transversus thoracis

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24
Q

What is found immediately inferior to each rib?

A

The VAN

-Vascular bundle

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25
Between which muscles is the VAN
Internal and innermost
26
Where would you insert a chest drain?
5th intercostal space mid axillary line- point needle down.
27
Name the dermatome of the sternal angle
T2
28
Nipple dermatome?
T4
29
Umbilicus dermatome?
T10
30
What region do ventral nerves supply?
Anteriolateral
31
What type of fibres are found in the ventral root?
Motor fibres
32
Sensory fibres enter where in the spinal nerve?
Dorsal root
33
Name the two main lymphatic vessels
- Thoracic duct | - R lymphatic duct
34
Where do they drain into?
The left and right subclavian veins
35
Describe the passage of the Thoracic duct
- Begins at chysterna chyli - on right - crossed to the left at T4/5 - drains the left side plus lower right quadrant.
36
Name the 4 bony attachments of the diaphragm
- Costal cartilage of rib 7-12 | - Xiphoid process
37
Name the central attachment of the diaphragm
- The central tendon | - attached to the fibrous pericardium
38
What four tissues does the diaphragm arise from?
- Septum tranversum- central tendon - peripheral body wall - Mesentery of oesophagus - 2x pleuroperitoneal membranes
39
How high do the domes rise during expiration?
5th rib and intercostal space
40
What are Crura?
Attach the diaphragm to the lumbar vertebra
41
How many left crura?
2-3 | L1-L2
42
How many right crura?
3-4 | L1-L3
43
Which vessels pass through the diaphragm and where?
IVC- T8 Oesophagus- T10 Aorta- T12
44
How many vertebra make up the spine?
``` C7 T12 L5 S5 Co4 BONES ```
45
How many spinal nerves?
31 pairs
46
How are the spinal nerves divided?
- 8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coxcygeal
47
What type of cartilage makes up the larynx?
Hyaline cartilage
48
What type of cartilage is the epiglottis?
Elastic cartilage
49
Describe the structure of the Trachea
- Surrounded by c-shaped rings of cartilage | - posteriorly completed by the trachealis muscle
50
How many rings of cartilage?
16-17
51
Where are aspirated objects more likely to lodge?
In the Right upper lobe | -More vertical and wider
52
Name the two sets of lymph nodes found in the lungs
- Tracheobronchal | - Bronchopulmonary
53
At which rib is the oblique fissure?
The 6th rib
54
At which rib is the horizontal fissure?
4th rib
55
What is the root of the lung>
All the vessels entering
56
Which structure is most posterior in the root?
Bronchi
57
Root of lung- anterior?
Pulmonary veins
58
Root of the lung- superior?
Pulmonary Artery
59
How many layers to the pleura? Which can feel pain?
- 2 layer | - Parietal
60
Four portions of the pleura?
- Mediastinal - Costal - Diaphragmatic - Apical (cupola)
61
What is a pleural reflection?
Place where the pleura changes direction
62
What does a pleural reflection create?
- Recess | - Costaphrenic recess
63
Which is the costaphrenic recess relevant?
Site of pleural aspiration | -9th intercostal space
64
How far below the lungs does the pleura extend?
- 2 ribs below | - 8,10,12
65
At what level does the heart lie in supine position?
T4-T6

Anatomy MBCHB 1 (2 decks)

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