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Anatomy MBCHB 1 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What structures do ribs attach to?

A

Vertebral bodies

Sternum

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2
Q

Which two bones are found at the anterior chest?

A

Manubrium

sternum

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3
Q

How many pairs of ribs?

A

12

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4
Q

How many true ribs?

A

1-7

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5
Q

False ribs?

A

8-10

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6
Q

Floating ribs?

A

11,12

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7
Q

Why are they called false ribs?

A

Ribs 8-10 do not attach directly to the sternum

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8
Q

What is the name of the cartilage at the ribs?

A

Costal cartilage

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9
Q

What is different about the 1st rib?

A
  • Short, wide and flat

- Scalene tubercle

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10
Q

What structures surround the scalene tubercle?

A
  • Scalene muscle
  • Subclavian artery- posterior
  • Subclavian vein- anterior
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11
Q

Describe a typical thoracic vertebra

A
  • Body is heart shaped
  • Intermediate size
  • Spinous process is long and thin
  • Vertebral foramen
  • Intervertebral notch
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12
Q

Which structures pass through the Vertebral foramen?

A

Spinal cord and meninges

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13
Q

Which is the most inner layer of the meninges?

A

-Pia mater

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14
Q

Where is the CSF located?

A

Between the Pia and the Arachnoid

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15
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1-L2

-filum terminale

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16
Q

muscles of inspiration?

A

External intercostals

diaphragm

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17
Q

Muscles of active expiration?

A
  • Internal intercostals

- abdominals

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18
Q

Accessory muscles of respiration?

A
  • Scalenes

- Sternocleidomastoids

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19
Q

Which intercostal muscles are membranous at the front?

A

External intercostals

Point down and forward

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20
Q

Which intercostal muscles are membranous at the back?

A

The internal intercostals

Point down and backward

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21
Q

Describe the innermost intercostal muscles

A
  • same orientation as internal

- only found laterally

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22
Q

What muscles continue the innermost at the back?

A

Subcostalis muscles

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23
Q

Which muscles continue the innermost at the front?

A

Transversus thoracis

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24
Q

What is found immediately inferior to each rib?

A

The VAN

-Vascular bundle

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25
Q

Between which muscles is the VAN

A

Internal and innermost

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26
Q

Where would you insert a chest drain?

A

5th intercostal space mid axillary line- point needle down.

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27
Q

Name the dermatome of the sternal angle

A

T2

28
Q

Nipple dermatome?

A

T4

29
Q

Umbilicus dermatome?

A

T10

30
Q

What region do ventral nerves supply?

A

Anteriolateral

31
Q

What type of fibres are found in the ventral root?

A

Motor fibres

32
Q

Sensory fibres enter where in the spinal nerve?

A

Dorsal root

33
Q

Name the two main lymphatic vessels

A
  • Thoracic duct

- R lymphatic duct

34
Q

Where do they drain into?

A

The left and right subclavian veins

35
Q

Describe the passage of the Thoracic duct

A
  • Begins at chysterna chyli
  • on right
  • crossed to the left at T4/5
  • drains the left side plus lower right quadrant.
36
Q

Name the 4 bony attachments of the diaphragm

A
  • Costal cartilage of rib 7-12

- Xiphoid process

37
Q

Name the central attachment of the diaphragm

A
  • The central tendon

- attached to the fibrous pericardium

38
Q

What four tissues does the diaphragm arise from?

A
  • Septum tranversum- central tendon
  • peripheral body wall
  • Mesentery of oesophagus
  • 2x pleuroperitoneal membranes
39
Q

How high do the domes rise during expiration?

A

5th rib and intercostal space

40
Q

What are Crura?

A

Attach the diaphragm to the lumbar vertebra

41
Q

How many left crura?

A

2-3

L1-L2

42
Q

How many right crura?

A

3-4

L1-L3

43
Q

Which vessels pass through the diaphragm and where?

A

IVC- T8
Oesophagus- T10
Aorta- T12

44
Q

How many vertebra make up the spine?

A 
C7
T12
L5
S5
Co4
BONES
45
Q

How many spinal nerves?

A

31 pairs

46
Q

How are the spinal nerves divided?

A
  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
  • 1 coxcygeal
47
Q

What type of cartilage makes up the larynx?

A

Hyaline cartilage

48
Q

What type of cartilage is the epiglottis?

A

Elastic cartilage

49
Q

Describe the structure of the Trachea

A
  • Surrounded by c-shaped rings of cartilage

- posteriorly completed by the trachealis muscle

50
Q

How many rings of cartilage?

A

16-17

51
Q

Where are aspirated objects more likely to lodge?

A

In the Right upper lobe

-More vertical and wider

52
Q

Name the two sets of lymph nodes found in the lungs

A
  • Tracheobronchal

- Bronchopulmonary

53
Q

At which rib is the oblique fissure?

A

The 6th rib

54
Q

At which rib is the horizontal fissure?

A

4th rib

55
Q

What is the root of the lung>

A

All the vessels entering

56
Q

Which structure is most posterior in the root?

A

Bronchi

57
Q

Root of lung- anterior?

A

Pulmonary veins

58
Q

Root of the lung- superior?

A

Pulmonary Artery

59
Q

How many layers to the pleura? Which can feel pain?

A
  • 2 layer

- Parietal

60
Q

Four portions of the pleura?

A
  • Mediastinal
  • Costal
  • Diaphragmatic
  • Apical (cupola)
61
Q

What is a pleural reflection?

A

Place where the pleura changes direction

62
Q

What does a pleural reflection create?

A
  • Recess

- Costaphrenic recess

63
Q

Which is the costaphrenic recess relevant?

A

Site of pleural aspiration

-9th intercostal space

64
Q

How far below the lungs does the pleura extend?

A
  • 2 ribs below

- 8,10,12

65
Q

At what level does the heart lie in supine position?

A

T4-T6

Anatomy MBCHB 1 (2 decks)

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