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YEAR 3 DRUGS > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What class is Salbutamol?

A

Beta 2 agonist

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2
Q

What diseases is Salbutamol used in?

A

Asthma
COPD
Hyperkalaemia

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3
Q

How does Salbutamol work?

A

Relaxes smooth muscles in bronchi, GI, uterus and vasculature via G protein coupled receptors
Stimulates sodium potassium ATPase pump in case of hyperkalaemia

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4
Q

What are the side effects of Salbutamol?

A

Tachycardia, palpitations, tremor, raised glucose, cramps (long acting)

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5
Q

What are the contraindications of Salbutamol?

A

If long acting treatment of asthma, must be used with corticosteroid
CVD - tachycardia can lead to angina or arrhythmias

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6
Q

Important drug interactions of Salbutamol?

A

Beta blockers reduce effectiveness

Theophylline/corticosteroids can cause hypokalaemia

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7
Q

What class is Tiotropium?

A

Antimuscarinic

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8
Q

What is the equivalent of Tiotropium used for cardiac and GI problems?

A

Atropine, hyoscine butylbromide

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9
Q

What are the role of drugs like Atropine and Hyoscine butylbromide?

A

Helping with respiratory secretions in the dying patient

Used in bradycardia and IBS (not atropine)

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10
Q

What diseases is Tiotropium used in?

A

COPD, asthma

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11
Q

How does Tiotropium work?

A

Competitive ACh inhibitor, reduces smooth muscle tone and reduces secretions from glands

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12
Q

What are the side effects of Tiotropium?

A

Dry mouth

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13
Q

What are the contraindications of Tiotropium?

A

Patients susceptible to angle closure glaucoma due to rise in IOP

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14
Q

Important drug interactions of Tiotropium?

A

Low systemic absorption

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15
Q

Side effects of Atropine and Hyoscine butylbromide?

A

Urinary retention in BPH patients, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, tachycardia

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16
Q

Important drug interactions of Atropine and Hyoscine butylbromide?

A

More serious side effects when combined with TCAs

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17
Q

What class is Beclometasone?

A

Corticosteroid (glucocorticoids)

18
Q

What is a systemic equivalent of Beclometasone?

A

Prednisolone

19
Q

What is a topical equivalent of Beclometasone?

A

Hydrocortisone, betamethasone

20
Q

What diseases is Beclometasone used in?

A

Asthma inc exacerbation

COPD inc exacerbation

21
Q

How does Beclometasone work?

A 
Anti-inflammatory genes are upregulated
Pro-inflammatory genes are downregulated
This reduces mucosal inflammation
Widens airways
Reduces secretions
22
Q

What are the side effects of Beclometasone?

A

Oral candidiasis
Can increase risk of pneumonia
Hoarse voice

23
Q

What are the contraindications of Beclometasone?

A

Caution in children due to stunted growth

Or those with history of pneumonia

24
Q

Important drug interactions of Beclometasone?

A

Low systemic absorption

25
Q

How does Prednisolone and Hydrocortisone work?

A 
Modify immune response
Promote anti-inflammatory genes over pro-inflammatory
Stimulate water and sodium retention
Potassium excretion
Gluconeogenesis
26
Q

What uses does Prednisolone have?

A

Allergy
Autoimmune
Cancer
Hormone replacement - adrenal insufficiency

27
Q

What are the side effects of Prednisolone?

A 
Increased risk of infection
DM
Osteoporosis
Mood
Hypertension
Hypokalaemia
Adrenal atrophy in prolonged treatment
28
Q

Important drug interactions of Prednisolone?

A

NSAIDs

Efficacy may be reduced by P450 Inducers

29
Q

What are the side effects of Hydrocortisone/Betamethasone?

A

Only most potent have side effects (betamethasone)
Local skin effects: skin thinning, striae, telangietasia
Can exacerbate or cause acne if used on the face

30
Q

What class is Carbocysteine?

A

Mucolytics

31
Q

What uses does Carbocysteine have?

A

Respiratory Tract infections

Mucus secreting COPD

32
Q

How does Carbocysteine work?

A

Reduces mucus viscosity

Increased sialomucin to make it easier to cough up

33
Q

What are the side effects of Carbocysteine?

A

Wheezing
Dyspnoea
Facial swelling
Pruritic skin rash

34
Q

What are the contraindications of Carbocysteine?

A

Gastric ulcer

First trimester pregnancy

35
Q

Important drug interactions of Carbocysteine?

36
Q

What class is Theophylline?

A

Xanthine derivative

37
Q

What uses does Theophylline have?

A

Asthma
COPD
Lung problems in premature infants

38
Q

How does Theophylline work?

A

Competitive phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Relax intercostal muscles
More Diaphragm contraction
Lower irritant response

39
Q

What are the side effects of Theophylline?

A 
GI problems
Insomina
Irritability
Tachycardia
Seizures
40
Q

What are the contraindications of Theophylline?

A

High caffeine intake (a bit of Theophylline gets metabolised to caffeine in the liver)
Smoking
Alcohol
Third trimester pregnancy

41
Q

Important drug interactions of Theophylline?

A

Cimetidine increases effect of Theophylline
Phenytoin
Erythromycin
Fluoroquinalones

42
Q

What are the uses of Oxygen?

A

Hypoxia
Pneumothorax
CO poisoning

YEAR 3 DRUGS (8 decks)

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