Respiratory

Question 1

COPD

Answer 1

Airflow obstruction, usually progressive, not fully reversible

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 2

O2 normal sat

Answer 2

94-98%

pO2 11.1-14.4kPa

Question 3

Types of respiratory failures and ttmt

Answer 3

1) only oxygen affected hypoxia; mismatching of vent perfusion, poor diffusion across alveolar membrane

Give oxygen

2) hypoxia + hypercapnia; venti. failure (pump failure), exacerbation of COPD

Give assisted ventilation

Question 4

Ventilation perfusion mismatch examples

Answer 4

Reduced ventilation of parts of the lung:
if asthma, pneumonia, RDS in infant 
Area of reduced ventilation has V/Q < 1 
Rest of lung removes more co2
Net result hypoxia

Reduced perfusion of parts of the lung
E.g. PE
These areas have low blood flow 👎Q
Hence V/Q > 1

But rest of lung receives 👍Q hence V/Q < 1 but perfusion in excess of available ventilation

Equals HYPOXIA

Question 5

Pneumonia

Answer 5

Inflammation of lung alveoli

Question 6

Ttmt pneumonia

Answer 6

Com acq Amoxicillin
(Strep pneu, H influenzae)

Hospital Co-Amoxiclav as more likely g-, pipperacillin
Staph. Aureus, pseudomas