Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MC and 2nd MC cause of the common cold

A

MC-Rhinovirus-Rhinorrhea, handwashing most important preventative measure
2nd-Coronavirus

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2
Q

What organism MC casuses sinusitis

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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3
Q

Pain and pressure of affected sinus
Moraxella catarrhalis; Strep pyogenes; Haemophilus Influenzae b; or Strep pneumoniae
Bacteria in pharynx spreads to sinuses via throat

A

Sinusitis

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4
Q

Sore throat, difficulty swallowing, purulent abscesses covering tonsils.
Strep. pyogenes

A

Strep Throat

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5
Q

What organism causes TB

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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6
Q

TB is the leading killer of what individuals

A

HIV+ individuals (reemerging)

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7
Q

What causes most cases of Otitis Media

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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8
Q

What causes Pneumonic plague

A

Yersinia pestis

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9
Q

Thick bloody sputum (“currant jelly sputum”) consolidation
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Immuno-compromised indivs at greatest risk

A

Klebsiella Pneumonia

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10
Q

Widespread inflam, fever, difficulty breathing, anemia, hypoxia
Pneumocystis jirovecii (or carinii)
resembles protozoa more than fungi
Commonly opportunistic fungal infection of AIDS patients (almost diagnostic)

A

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)

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11
Q

Tubercles, Ghon’s complex, and caseous necrosis are seen in what

A

Primary TB

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12
Q

For influenza, how early early must antiviral medications be administered

A

Within first 48h of infection

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13
Q

4 Phases-Incubation, catarrhal, paroxysmal (“whooping” sound), convalescent
Bordetella pertussis
Highly contagious
aka Whooping Cough, MC in children, reemerging

A

Pertussis

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14
Q

MCly only causes allergies
Aspergillus sp.
Emerging

A

Aspergillosis

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15
Q

Mild URI, Can be fatal, bluish skin, intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, rapid breathing
RSV-Repiratory syncytial virus
MC childhood respiratory disease

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection

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16
Q

Cough, shock, labored breathing, often fatal
Hantavirus
Inhaled virions in dried mouse urine or feces
Emerging disease, BSL-4

A

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

17
Q

1-2 days after pharyngitis, STRAWBERRY RED TONGUE
Strep pyogenes
AKA Scarletina

A

Scarlet Fever

18
Q

What 3 organisms are responsible for causing the common cold

A

Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Adenovirus

19
Q

Cough, sore throat, runny nose, congestion
Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, Influenza virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis
90% of cases are viral

A

Bronchitis

20
Q

Tripod postioning
Haemophilus influenzae b
Medical emergency requiring immediate help

A

Epiglottitis

21
Q

What has a characteristic palisade arrangement; and formerly used the Schick Test, a skin test

22
Q

Inflam of larynx, trachea, and bronchi “seal bark” cough
Parainfluenza virus
MC in children

23
Q

Short rapid breathing, Rust-colored sputum, consolidation
Strepto Pneumoniae
Inhalation of bacteria
AKA “typical pneumonia”

A

Pneumococcal Pneumonia

24
Q

Primary TB is MC in what demographic

25
95% asymptomatic (granuloma often found on chest x-ray) Histoplasma capsulatum aka Ohio River Valley Disease, MC fungal pathogen affecting humans
Histoplasmosis
26
High fever, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, pneumonia Coronavirus aka SARS, BSL-3
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
27
Flu like symptoms within 10 days of exposure Chlamydophila psittaci Feces, infected birds AKA Psittacosis
Ornithosis
28
What is S. pneumoniae commonly called
"The Pneumococcus"
29
Fever, chills, pneumonia Legionella pneumonphila Inhaled from water source Also causes Pontiac fever (non fatal)
Legionnaires' Disease
30
Pain in the ears Strep pneumoniae; Moraxella catarrhalis; Haemophilus Influenzae b; Staph aureus Bacteria colonize in ear after cold or other respiratory infection
Otitis Media
31
Very similar to blasto Paracoccidioides brasiliensis MC in farm workers of endemic areas
Paracoccidioidomycosis
32
Sore throat, pain, fever, pseudomembrane adheres to post throat structures Corynebacterium diptheria
Diptheria
33
Resembles pneumonia or TB, forms Spherules in lungs Coccidiodes immitis aka San Joaquin Valley fever the dusts that coats mats like Native american pots and blankets are inhaled
Coccidioidomycosis
34
What is the #1 cause of pharynities, and may progress to scarlet or rheumatic fever, or glomerulonephritis, MC 5-15
Strep Throat
35
Fever, malaise, sore throat, excessive sweating, consolidation, possibly asympotmatic Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Spread via nasal secretions AKA atypical or "walking Pneumonia"
Mycoplasmal Pneumonia
36
What is the more severe form of Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection that can be fatal
Bronchiolitis
37
Cold/flu symptoms, then difficulty breathing, severe cough, lethargy, shock, death Bacillus anthracis Rare in humans, but Cat A bioterrorism threat
Inhalational Anthrax
38
Mostly asymptomatic, but flu-like symptoms Blastomyces dermatitidis aka Gilchrist's disease, emerging
Pulmonary Blastomycosis
39
Disseminated TB, wasting ("consumption") describes what kind of TB
Secondary