Respiratory

Question 1

What is the MC and 2nd MC cause of the common cold

Answer 1

MC-Rhinovirus-Rhinorrhea, handwashing most important preventative measure
2nd-Coronavirus

Question 2

What organism MC casuses sinusitis

Answer 2

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 3

Pain and pressure of affected sinus
Moraxella catarrhalis; Strep pyogenes; Haemophilus Influenzae b; or Strep pneumoniae
Bacteria in pharynx spreads to sinuses via throat

Answer 3

Sinusitis

Question 4

Sore throat, difficulty swallowing, purulent abscesses covering tonsils.
Strep. pyogenes

Answer 4

Strep Throat

Question 5

What organism causes TB

Answer 5

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 6

TB is the leading killer of what individuals

Answer 6

HIV+ individuals (reemerging)

Question 7

What causes most cases of Otitis Media

Answer 7

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 8

What causes Pneumonic plague

Answer 8

Yersinia pestis

Question 9

Thick bloody sputum (“currant jelly sputum”) consolidation
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Immuno-compromised indivs at greatest risk

Answer 9

Klebsiella Pneumonia

Question 10

Widespread inflam, fever, difficulty breathing, anemia, hypoxia
Pneumocystis jirovecii (or carinii)
resembles protozoa more than fungi
Commonly opportunistic fungal infection of AIDS patients (almost diagnostic)

Answer 10

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)

Question 11

Tubercles, Ghon’s complex, and caseous necrosis are seen in what

Answer 11

Primary TB

Question 12

For influenza, how early early must antiviral medications be administered

Answer 12

Within first 48h of infection

Question 13

4 Phases-Incubation, catarrhal, paroxysmal (“whooping” sound), convalescent
Bordetella pertussis
Highly contagious
aka Whooping Cough, MC in children, reemerging

Answer 13

Pertussis

Question 14

MCly only causes allergies
Aspergillus sp.
Emerging

Answer 14

Aspergillosis

Question 15

Mild URI, Can be fatal, bluish skin, intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, rapid breathing
RSV-Repiratory syncytial virus
MC childhood respiratory disease

Answer 15

Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection

Question 16

Cough, shock, labored breathing, often fatal
Hantavirus
Inhaled virions in dried mouse urine or feces
Emerging disease, BSL-4

Answer 16

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

Question 17

1-2 days after pharyngitis, STRAWBERRY RED TONGUE
Strep pyogenes
AKA Scarletina

Answer 17

Scarlet Fever

Question 18

What 3 organisms are responsible for causing the common cold

Answer 18

Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Adenovirus

Question 19

Cough, sore throat, runny nose, congestion
Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, Influenza virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis
90% of cases are viral

Answer 19

Bronchitis

Question 20

Tripod postioning
Haemophilus influenzae b
Medical emergency requiring immediate help

Answer 20

Epiglottitis

Question 21

What has a characteristic palisade arrangement; and formerly used the Schick Test, a skin test

Answer 21

Diptheria

Question 22

Inflam of larynx, trachea, and bronchi “seal bark” cough
Parainfluenza virus
MC in children

Answer 22

Croup

Question 23

Short rapid breathing, Rust-colored sputum, consolidation
Strepto Pneumoniae
Inhalation of bacteria
AKA “typical pneumonia”

Answer 23

Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Question 24

Primary TB is MC in what demographic

Answer 24

Children

Question 25

95% asymptomatic (granuloma often found on chest x-ray)
Histoplasma capsulatum
aka Ohio River Valley Disease, MC fungal pathogen affecting humans

Answer 25

Histoplasmosis

Question 26

High fever, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, pneumonia
Coronavirus
aka SARS, BSL-3

Answer 26

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Question 27

Flu like symptoms within 10 days of exposure
Chlamydophila psittaci
Feces, infected birds
AKA Psittacosis

Answer 27

Ornithosis

Question 28

What is S. pneumoniae commonly called

Answer 28

“The Pneumococcus”

Question 29

Fever, chills, pneumonia
Legionella pneumonphila
Inhaled from water source
Also causes Pontiac fever (non fatal)

Answer 29

Legionnaires’ Disease

Question 30

Pain in the ears
Strep pneumoniae; Moraxella catarrhalis; Haemophilus Influenzae b; Staph aureus
Bacteria colonize in ear after cold or other respiratory infection

Answer 30

Otitis Media

Question 31

Very similar to blasto
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
MC in farm workers of endemic areas

Answer 31

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Question 32

Sore throat, pain, fever, pseudomembrane adheres to post throat structures
Corynebacterium diptheria

Answer 32

Diptheria

Question 33

Resembles pneumonia or TB, forms Spherules in lungs
Coccidiodes immitis
aka San Joaquin Valley fever
the dusts that coats mats like Native american pots and blankets are inhaled

Answer 33

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 34

What is the #1 cause of pharynities, and may progress to scarlet or rheumatic fever, or glomerulonephritis, MC 5-15

Answer 34

Strep Throat

Question 35

Fever, malaise, sore throat, excessive sweating, consolidation, possibly asympotmatic
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Spread via nasal secretions
AKA atypical or “walking Pneumonia”

Answer 35

Mycoplasmal Pneumonia

Question 36

What is the more severe form of Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection that can be fatal

Answer 36

Bronchiolitis

Question 37

Cold/flu symptoms, then difficulty breathing, severe cough, lethargy, shock, death
Bacillus anthracis
Rare in humans, but Cat A bioterrorism threat

Answer 37

Inhalational Anthrax

Question 38

Mostly asymptomatic, but flu-like symptoms
Blastomyces dermatitidis
aka Gilchrist’s disease, emerging

Answer 38

Pulmonary Blastomycosis

Question 39

Disseminated TB, wasting (“consumption”) describes what kind of TB

Answer 39

Secondary