Respiratory Flashcards
What is the MC and 2nd MC cause of the common cold
MC-Rhinovirus-Rhinorrhea, handwashing most important preventative measure
2nd-Coronavirus
What organism MC casuses sinusitis
Moraxella catarrhalis
Pain and pressure of affected sinus
Moraxella catarrhalis; Strep pyogenes; Haemophilus Influenzae b; or Strep pneumoniae
Bacteria in pharynx spreads to sinuses via throat
Sinusitis
Sore throat, difficulty swallowing, purulent abscesses covering tonsils.
Strep. pyogenes
Strep Throat
What organism causes TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
TB is the leading killer of what individuals
HIV+ individuals (reemerging)
What causes most cases of Otitis Media
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What causes Pneumonic plague
Yersinia pestis
Thick bloody sputum (“currant jelly sputum”) consolidation
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Immuno-compromised indivs at greatest risk
Klebsiella Pneumonia
Widespread inflam, fever, difficulty breathing, anemia, hypoxia
Pneumocystis jirovecii (or carinii)
resembles protozoa more than fungi
Commonly opportunistic fungal infection of AIDS patients (almost diagnostic)
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)
Tubercles, Ghon’s complex, and caseous necrosis are seen in what
Primary TB
For influenza, how early early must antiviral medications be administered
Within first 48h of infection
4 Phases-Incubation, catarrhal, paroxysmal (“whooping” sound), convalescent
Bordetella pertussis
Highly contagious
aka Whooping Cough, MC in children, reemerging
Pertussis
MCly only causes allergies
Aspergillus sp.
Emerging
Aspergillosis
Mild URI, Can be fatal, bluish skin, intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, rapid breathing
RSV-Repiratory syncytial virus
MC childhood respiratory disease
Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection
Cough, shock, labored breathing, often fatal
Hantavirus
Inhaled virions in dried mouse urine or feces
Emerging disease, BSL-4
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
1-2 days after pharyngitis, STRAWBERRY RED TONGUE
Strep pyogenes
AKA Scarletina
Scarlet Fever
What 3 organisms are responsible for causing the common cold
Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Adenovirus
Cough, sore throat, runny nose, congestion
Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, Influenza virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis
90% of cases are viral
Bronchitis
Tripod postioning
Haemophilus influenzae b
Medical emergency requiring immediate help
Epiglottitis
What has a characteristic palisade arrangement; and formerly used the Schick Test, a skin test
Diptheria
Inflam of larynx, trachea, and bronchi “seal bark” cough
Parainfluenza virus
MC in children
Croup
Short rapid breathing, Rust-colored sputum, consolidation
Strepto Pneumoniae
Inhalation of bacteria
AKA “typical pneumonia”
Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Primary TB is MC in what demographic
Children
95% asymptomatic (granuloma often found on chest x-ray)
Histoplasma capsulatum
aka Ohio River Valley Disease, MC fungal pathogen affecting humans
Histoplasmosis
High fever, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, pneumonia
Coronavirus
aka SARS, BSL-3
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Flu like symptoms within 10 days of exposure
Chlamydophila psittaci
Feces, infected birds
AKA Psittacosis
Ornithosis
What is S. pneumoniae commonly called
“The Pneumococcus”
Fever, chills, pneumonia
Legionella pneumonphila
Inhaled from water source
Also causes Pontiac fever (non fatal)
Legionnaires’ Disease
Pain in the ears
Strep pneumoniae; Moraxella catarrhalis; Haemophilus Influenzae b; Staph aureus
Bacteria colonize in ear after cold or other respiratory infection
Otitis Media
Very similar to blasto
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
MC in farm workers of endemic areas
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Sore throat, pain, fever, pseudomembrane adheres to post throat structures
Corynebacterium diptheria
Diptheria
Resembles pneumonia or TB, forms Spherules in lungs
Coccidiodes immitis
aka San Joaquin Valley fever
the dusts that coats mats like Native american pots and blankets are inhaled
Coccidioidomycosis
What is the #1 cause of pharynities, and may progress to scarlet or rheumatic fever, or glomerulonephritis, MC 5-15
Strep Throat
Fever, malaise, sore throat, excessive sweating, consolidation, possibly asympotmatic
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Spread via nasal secretions
AKA atypical or “walking Pneumonia”
Mycoplasmal Pneumonia
What is the more severe form of Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection that can be fatal
Bronchiolitis
Cold/flu symptoms, then difficulty breathing, severe cough, lethargy, shock, death
Bacillus anthracis
Rare in humans, but Cat A bioterrorism threat
Inhalational Anthrax
Mostly asymptomatic, but flu-like symptoms
Blastomyces dermatitidis
aka Gilchrist’s disease, emerging
Pulmonary Blastomycosis
Disseminated TB, wasting (“consumption”) describes what kind of TB
Secondary
