GI Flashcards
P! enlargement of parotid salivary glands (parotitis), testicular swelling in males (orchitis)
Rubulavirus
Vaccine has almost erradicated in industrialized world
Mumps
Viral Gastroenteritis
fecal-oral
NO VOMITTING
Astrovirus
Mild cases asymptomatic, m. pain and weakness, facial swelling around eye
Trichinella spiralis
Undercooked pork
aka Trichinellosis, NOT common in US`
Trichinosis
Viral Gastroenteritis
fecal-oral
MC cause of infantile gastroenteritis
Rotavirus
Watery diarrhea, cramps, N/V
Escherichia coli 0157:H7
Fecal-oral undercooked beef or unpasteurized milk/fruit juice
MCly causes a GI infection (of everything it could cause, it likes this best)
Traveler’s Diarrhea (bacterial gastroenteritis)
Tapeworm Infestation Organsim(s):
Most are asymptomatic, weight loss
Undercooked contaminated beef or pork
Beef or Pork tapeworm
Taenia saginata (beef) Taenia solium (pork)
Abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea, NO fever nor N/V
Clostridium perfringens
Contaminated meat
<24 hours
Clostridial food poisoning
Viral Gastroenteritis
Fecal oral, esp. oysters
90% of viral gastroenteritis; #1 cause of foodborne illness in the US, emerging
Norovirus (Calicivirus)
Jaundice, plays a role in triggering liver cancer
HDV
Bodily fluids, contaminated needles
Requires HBV co-infections so called a satellite virus
Hepatitis D
Jaundice, fatal in 20% of pregnant women
HEV
Fecal-oral, seafood, pigs, cows, unclean water
aka Enteric hepatitis
Hepatitis E
Tapeworm Infestation Organsim(s):
80% asymptomatic, weight loss, megaloblastic anemia
Raw or undercooked fish
aka diphyllobothriasis
Diphyllobothrium lactum
Most asymptomatic
Ascariasis lumbricoides
Eggs are ingested in water or on veggies
MC nematode infection of humans worldwide, and largest to infect humans
Ascariasis
Chronic infection with few if any symptoms
HCV
Needles, Organ transplants, transfusions, sexual activity
Accounts for most non-A, non-B hep. in the US
Hepatitis C
Most asymptomatic, Jaundice, associated with liver cancer
HBV
Infected needles, intercourse, babies during birth
Co-infection with Hep D. inc. risk of perma liver damage
Hepatitis B
Tapeworm Infestation Organsim(s):
Hydatid cysts can form in any organ, but primarily occur in the liver
food/water contaminated by dog feces
canine tapeworm
Echinococcus granulosus
Cold sores
HHV-1 sometimes 2
Close contact with active lesions
Latent in trigeminal ganglia
Oral herpes
Jaudice
HAV
fecal-oral
aka Infectious Hepatitis, resistant to common household disinfectants
Hepatitis A
Mild food poisoning
Bacillus cereus
Rice dishes cooked and held at warm temp for hours
aka Fried Rice syndrome, only a few cases a year
Bacillus cereus food poisoning
“Rotten egg” smelling stools
Giardia intestinalis (previously G. lamblia)
aka Beaver Fever; common waterborne GI disease in US
Giardiasis
Inflam of intestinal tract, sometimes mimics appendicitis
Yersinia enterocolitica
Contaminated pork
Tends to prefer kids
Yersinia food poisoning
90% of amebiasis cases are what kind
Luminal amebiasis
Severe diarrhea, HA, m. p!, severe fluid and weight loss
Cryptosporidium parvum
Fecal oral via contaminated water
aka Cyptosporidium enteritis
Cryptosporidiosis
Bloody and frequent diarrhea (10x/day for 7-10 days)
Campylobacter jejuni
Contaiminated Poultry MC
MC cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US
Campylobacter Diarrhea (bacterial gastroenteritis)
Intense perianal itching (esp at night) 1/3 of cases asymptomatic
Enterobius vermicularis
Females deposit eggs in perianal region at night, easily spread on bedding, from person to person after scratching
MC parasitic worm in US, common in children
Pinworm infestations
Cramps, watery diarrhea, myalgia, fever, AIDS patients more severe
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Outbreaks have been linked to raspberries
Cyclosporiasis
What organism causes amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica
Abdominal cramps, fever, diarrhea, purulent bloody stools
Shigella sonnei, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, S. boydii
Fecal-oral, contaminated hands/cold foods and salads
aka Bacillary Dysentery; Shiga toxin; Sonnei 2/3, Flexneri 1/3
Shigellosis (bacterial gastroenteritis)
"Rice-water stool" Vibrio Cholerae Fecal-Oral via food/water Only Vibrio in freshwater MC Vibrio to infect humans
Cholera (bacterial gastroenteritis)
N/V, diarrhea, cramping
Staph. aureus
Contaminated food
Staphylococcal food poisoning
Ground itch at site of larvae penetration, chronic anemia, iron, and protein deficiencies
Necator americanus; Ancylostoma duodenale
Usually penetrate skin of foot
2nd MC nematode affecting humans worldwide
Hookworm infections
Abdominal p! Helicobacter pylori Fecal-oral transmission P! relieved by food-duodenal P! exacerbated by food-gastric
Peptic Ulcer
After approx 1 year, worm forms a blister on skin, generally on the foot which breaks open
Dracunculus medinesis
Water infected with copepods
aka Guinea worm disease, traditional tx involves winding worm out on a stick
Dracunculiasis
Nonbloody diarrhea, N/V myalgia
Salmonella enterica enteritidis, Salmonella enterica typhimurium
Contaminated eggs, poultry, milk
Salmonellosis: Salmonella food poisoning (acute bacterial gastroenteritis)
What kind of amebiasis causes necrotic lesions in various organs
Invasive extraintestinal amebiasis
What kind of amebiasis causes sever hiarrhea, colitis, appendicitis
Invasive amebic dysentery
Inflam of colon with formation of pseudo-membranes
Clostridium difficile
Extremely common opportunist after taking antimicrobials, Common nosocomial infection
Life threatening peritonitis from massive internal infection by fecal bacteria
Pseudomembranous colitis (bacterial gastroenteritis)
Fever, HA, m. p!, bacteremia can lead to peritonitis
Salmonella enterica typhi, S. e. paratyphi
Contaminated food/water
Typhoid Mary
Salmonellosis: Typhoid Fever (enteric fever)
What kind of amebiasis is asymptomatic
Luminal amebiasis
