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Paeds > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What are some common causes of a chronic cough in children?

A
  • Infections
  • GORD
  • Asthma
  • Chronis rhinitus/sinusitis/PND
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2
Q

What are some red flags for serious causes of chronic cough?

A
  • Neonatal onset
  • Moist or purulent
  • Cough after a choking episode
  • Cough during/after feeding
  • Ill health, FTT
  • Signs like clubbing, crackles
  • Persistant lung infections
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3
Q

What’s the most common cause of stridor in children?

A

Croup

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4
Q

What features do we look at when assessing respiratory distress?

A
  • Behaviour
  • RR
  • WOB
  • O2 (ish)
  • HR
  • BP
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5
Q

What will a child with mild respiratory distress be like?

A
  • Normal behaviour
  • Maybe mild tachypnoea
  • Maybe minimal WOB
  • Maybe mild tachycardia
  • Normotensive
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6
Q

What will a child with moderate respiratory distress be like?

A
  • Mildly irritable
  • Tachycardic
  • Moderate WOB
  • Mild tachycardia
  • Hypertensive
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7
Q

What will a child with severe respiratory distress be like?

A
  • Irritable or lethargic
  • Tachypnoeic OR bradypnoeic
  • Marked WOB
  • Cyanotic
  • Tachycardic OR bradycardic
  • Hyper or hypotensive
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8
Q

Signs of increased WOB can be related to which two processes?

A
  • Generating large intrathoracic pressures

- Accessory muscle use

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9
Q

What are the high ITP signs of WOB?

A
  • Suprasterna retraction
  • Supraclavicular retraction
  • Subcostal indrawing
  • Paradoxical abdominal breathing
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10
Q

What are the accessory muscle use signs of WOB

A
  • Nasal flaring
  • SCM contraction
  • Forward posture
  • Head bobbing in infants
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11
Q

What are the possible complications of URTIs

A
  • Local ENT complications (AOM, sinusitis)
  • Progression to LRTI (Bronchitis, croup, bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia)
  • Bacterial superinfection (rare)
  • EoAsthma
  • HSP
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12
Q

What is the usual aetiology of the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus

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13
Q

What is the usual aetiology of pharyngitis (2)

A
  • Viral

- Strep pyogenes

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14
Q

What indicates an increased likelihood of strep throad

A
  • 3-14 years
  • High fever
  • Tonsilar exudate
  • Tender, enlarged anterior cervical LNs
  • No cough or coryzal symptoms
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15
Q

What are rf for an asthma diagnosis?

A
  • Parental FHx of asthma
  • Eczema
  • Sensitivity to aeroallergens
  • Allergic rhinitis
  • Eosinophilia on FBE
  • Food allergies
  • Non-URTI-related wheezing
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16
Q

What’s the 1st line therapy for asthma prevention

A
  • Flixotide

- Montelukast

17
Q

What type of drug is Flixotide?

A

Inhaled corticosteroid

18
Q

What kind of drug is Montelukast?

A

Leukotriene receptor antagoinst

19
Q

What Ix may you consider in diagnosing asthma?

A
  • Trial of bronchodilators
  • Spirometry if over 5
  • CXR if diagnosis is unclear
  • Skin prick test to identify allergens

Paeds (5 decks)

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