Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paeds > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What proportion of children have an innocent murmur detected?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the characteristics of an innocent murmur?

A
  • Normal heart sounds
  • Early/ES – NEVER just diastole
  • Varies with position and respiration
  • No clicks or thrill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What clinical aspects of a murmur should prompt cardiology review?

A
  • Child under 1y
  • Additional AbN findings
  • Loud murmur
  • Murmur is diastolic or continuous
  • No variation with respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are common causes of generalised oedema in children?

A
  • Renal disease
  • Liver disease
  • Allergy
  • Cardiac disease
  • Protein-losing enteropathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the first distinguishing feature for the different causes of generalised oedema?

A

Circulatory overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which causes of generalised oedema have a circulatory overload?

A
  • Acute GN/nephritic syndrome

- Cardiac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What test will distinguish the circulatory overload causes of generalised oedema?

A

Urinalysis (proteinuria, haematuria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which causes of generalised oedema don’t have a circulatory overload?

A
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Chronic liver disease
  • Protein losing enteropathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of vasculitis is HSP?

A

Small vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the classic triad of HSP?

A
  • Non-blanching purpura on buttocks and extensor surface of LLs
  • Arthropathy
  • Abdo pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What Ix will you do in suspected HSP?

A
  • Tests to exclude coagulopathy and sepsis
  • Urinalysis for haematuria
  • UEC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why does suspected HSP require escalation to a consultant or registrar?

A

They have a purpuric rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What would be cause for admission with HSP?

A
  • Abdo complications requiring surgical review
  • Renal complications
  • Severe joint/abdo pain requiring inpatient analgesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the possible abdominal complications of HSP?

A
  • Intussusception
  • Bloody stools
  • Haematemesis
  • Bowel perforation
  • Pancreatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What follow up is required for HSP? Why?

A

Renal follow up as AbN related to HSP-nephropathy can develop up to 6m later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of vasculitis is Kawasaki’s disease

A

Medium vessel

17
Q

What age group does Kawasaki’s disease normally affect

A

Those under 5

18
Q

What are the requirements for diagnosis of Kawasaki’s disease

A

Fever for 5 or more days, PLUS 4 of:

  • Bilat, non-purulent conjunctivitis
  • Mucosal membrane changes
  • Unilat cervical lymphadenopathy
  • Polymorphous rash
  • Peripheral changes like hand & foot erythema & oedema

AND exlusion of diseases with a similar presentation

19
Q

What Ix are required for Kawasaki’s disease?

A
  • FBE for neutrophilia, thrombocytosis, anaemia

- Echo at presentation & 6 weeks pater

20
Q

What is the Mx for Kawasaki’s disease

A
  • Admit
  • Prompt IVIG
  • Aspiring for 6/52 or more
21
Q

Whats the most important potential complication of Kawasaki’s disease?

A

Aneurism of major arteries, especially coronary As

22
Q

Define malignant HT

A

Symptomatic HT with nausea, headaches etc

23
Q

Why is malignant HT a medical emergency?

A

Risk of CCF, APO, and encephalopathy

24
Q

What percentage of children are born with a congenital heart disease?

A

Just under 1%

25
Q

What are common presentations of CHD?

A
  • Cyanosis
  • Cough
  • Not feeding
  • Tachypnoea
26
Q

What is the first way of grouping CHD?

A

Acyanotic vs cyanotic

27
Q

How are acyanotic CHDs further grouped?

A

L to R shunts vs obstructive defects

28
Q

What are the L to R shunt CHDs

A
  • VSD
  • PDA
  • ASD
29
Q

What proportion of CHD to L to R shunts make up?

A

50%

30
Q

What are the obstructive CHDs?

A
  • Coarctation

- Aortic stenosis

31
Q

What are the cyanotic CHDs?

A
  • Transposition of the great As
  • Tetrology of Fallot
  • Massive wall defects
32
Q

What is the murmur of VSD?

A

Pansystolic LLSE

33
Q

How does severe coarctation present?

A
  • Cardiac failure
  • Oligouria
  • Acidosis
34
Q

How can mild coarctation present?

A
  • Asymptomatic HT
  • Poor exercise toelrance
  • LL claudication
35
Q

What is the immediate management of severe coarctation in the neonate?

A

PGE1 infusion to reopen the ductus arteriosis & thus bypass the coarcted point.

36
Q

How may cardiac failure present

A
  • Dyspnoea/tachycardia
  • Feeding difficulties / FTT
  • Hepatomegally
  • Peripheral/periorbital oedema
37
Q

What are Mx options for paediatric cardiac failure

A
  • PGE1 in infants
  • Frusemide
  • ACEis
  • O2 if there’s hypoxia

Paeds (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions