respiratory Flashcards
how many lobes does the right lung have?
3
how many lobes does the left lung have?
2
what is pleurisy/pleuritis?
inflammation of the pleural cavity
what is the clinical relevance of bronchopulmonary segments?
they are there own anatomical segment with their own blood supply so removal of one doesn’t affect the others.
what is the upper respiratory tract consist of?
the nose/mouth to the false vocal cords in the larynx
what part of the airways is the lower respiratory tract?
true vocal cords down to the alveoli
which lung does fluid usually flow down into?
the right
the conduction zone consists of what parts of the lower respiratory tract?
the trachea through the terminal bronchioles
what is considered “anatomic dead space”?
the conducting zone plus the upper airway - where gas exchange does not occur
what is the respiratory zone consist of?
respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
where is the majority of the lung capacity?
in the respiratory zone
what is physiological dead space?
alveolar dead space plus anatomical dead space
anatomical dead space and physiological dead space are similar in ___________ individuals
healthy
how does lung tissue receive blood supply?
the bronchial arteries supply blood, the deoxygenated blood is dumped into the pulmonary veins diluting the O2 content of that blood
what does the PNS release and what effect does it have on airways?
ACH, air ways constrict
what does the SNS release and what effect does it have on airways?
EPI and NE, dilates airways
what are five major functional events of respiration?
pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of respiratory gasses, internal respiration, regulation of respiration/ventilation
what is pulmonary ventilation?
movement of air into and out of lungs - breathing
what are some muscles of inspiration?
SCM, scalenes, anterior serrati, pec minor, external intercostals
what are some muscles of expiration?
internal intercostals, rectus abdominals
intrapleural pressure is usually ________ lower than atmoshperic pressure
4 mmHg
what is transpulmonary pressure?
it is the difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure. It keeps the lungs open
what is atelectasis?
lung collapse
what is the purpose of surfactant?
reduces effort required by respiratory muscles to expand the lungs
