respiratory

Question 1

how many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

how many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

what is pleurisy/pleuritis?

Answer 3

inflammation of the pleural cavity

Question 4

what is the clinical relevance of bronchopulmonary segments?

Answer 4

they are there own anatomical segment with their own blood supply so removal of one doesn’t affect the others.

Question 5

what is the upper respiratory tract consist of?

Answer 5

the nose/mouth to the false vocal cords in the larynx

Question 6

what part of the airways is the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 6

true vocal cords down to the alveoli

Question 7

which lung does fluid usually flow down into?

Answer 7

the right

Question 8

the conduction zone consists of what parts of the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 8

the trachea through the terminal bronchioles

Question 9

what is considered “anatomic dead space”?

Answer 9

the conducting zone plus the upper airway - where gas exchange does not occur

Question 10

what is the respiratory zone consist of?

Answer 10

respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

Question 11

where is the majority of the lung capacity?

Answer 11

in the respiratory zone

Question 12

what is physiological dead space?

Answer 12

alveolar dead space plus anatomical dead space

Question 13

anatomical dead space and physiological dead space are similar in ___________ individuals

Answer 13

healthy

Question 14

how does lung tissue receive blood supply?

Answer 14

the bronchial arteries supply blood, the deoxygenated blood is dumped into the pulmonary veins diluting the O2 content of that blood

Question 15

what does the PNS release and what effect does it have on airways?

Answer 15

ACH, air ways constrict

Question 16

what does the SNS release and what effect does it have on airways?

Answer 16

EPI and NE, dilates airways

Question 17

what are five major functional events of respiration?

Answer 17

pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of respiratory gasses, internal respiration, regulation of respiration/ventilation

Question 18

what is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 18

movement of air into and out of lungs - breathing

Question 19

what are some muscles of inspiration?

Answer 19

SCM, scalenes, anterior serrati, pec minor, external intercostals

Question 20

what are some muscles of expiration?

Answer 20

internal intercostals, rectus abdominals

Question 21

intrapleural pressure is usually ________ lower than atmoshperic pressure

Answer 21

4 mmHg

Question 22

what is transpulmonary pressure?

Answer 22

it is the difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure. It keeps the lungs open

Question 23

what is atelectasis?

Answer 23

lung collapse

Question 24

what is the purpose of surfactant?

Answer 24

reduces effort required by respiratory muscles to expand the lungs

Question 25

where is the greatest airway resistance in a healthy individual?

Answer 25

larger bronchioles and bronchi near the trachea

Question 26

where is the greatest airway resistance in a diseased individual?

Answer 26

the small er bronchi

Question 27

how does blood flow get distributed in the lungs?

Answer 27

blood goes to the alveoli with the best oxygenation first