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AB 1st Year Buzzwords > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

stony dull to percussion

A

pleural effusion

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2
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

pneumonia

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3
Q

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels Pleural effusion

A

pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray

A

Pulmonary fibrosis and Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the newborn (not enough surfactant)

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5
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

Assmann Focus

A

Apical lesion of secondary tuberculous infection

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8
Q

spread of TB organism into bloodstream

A

Miliary Tuberculous
if spread via pulmonary artery, milliary dissemination into lungs
if spread via pulmonary vein, systemic dissemination into liver, spleen and kidneys

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9
Q

Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet

A

chlamydophila psittaci

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10
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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11
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water

A

Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)

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12
Q

Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana

A

probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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13
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

D sign on X ray

A

empyema

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16
Q

Steeple sign on X ray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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17
Q

Child with barking cough

A

croup

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18
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with Co-tramoxazole [± prednisolone if severe])

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19
Q

Asthma + Nasal Polyps + Salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s triad

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20
Q

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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21
Q

Red Jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella Pneumoniae

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22
Q

Mucoid sputum

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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23
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

24
Q

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

A

classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

25
Q

Morning headache

A

hypercapnia or Side effects of organic nitrates

26
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Small-cell carcinoma are neuroendocrine, highly malignant, and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes.

27
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of lung

28
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoidosis

29
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

Silicosis

30
Q

Acute management of Asthma

A 
OSHIT MAN:
Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask
Salbutamol Nebulised back-to-back.
Hydrocortisone IV or Prednisolone PO
Ipratropium Bromide Nebulised hourly
Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV
Magnesium and call an
Anaesthetist
31
Q

Thumbprint sign on head x ray

A

epiglottitis

32
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

pertussis

33
Q

Snow storm appearance on x ray

A

baritosis, silicosis

34
Q

Management of infective exacerbation of COPD

A 
iSOAP
	i - ipratropium
        	S - Salbutamol
        	O - Oxygen
        	A - amoxicillin
        	P - prednisolone
35
Q

Non-smoker + lung cancer

A

(peripheral) adenocarcinoma

36
Q

Squamous + Small-cell Lung cancers

A

CENTRAL

37
Q

High d-dimers

A

suspect (but not diagnose) Pulmonary Embolism (send for CTPA or V/Q scan)

38
Q

Low d-dimers

A

exclude Pulmonary Embolism

39
Q

Large and small PE treatment

A

large PE is thrombolysis

small PE is low molecular weight heparin

40
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

panic attack

41
Q

Frank pus on aspiration

A

empyema

42
Q

obstructive lung disease – raised eosinophils

A

asthma

43
Q

obstructive lung disease – raised neutrophils

A

COPD

44
Q

overnight nasal ventilation

A

Pickwickian disease

obese, sleep apnoea, hypercapnia

45
Q

Guillian-Barre disease

A

disease which causes paralysis. Normally preceded by a strep. throat/infection of respiratory or GI tract

46
Q

where are problems found in Coal workers pneumoconiosis?

A

problems found at the apex of the lung

47
Q

CXR shows bilateral alveolar shadowing

A

Adult respiratory distress

48
Q

CXR showing bats wings(perihilar shadowing), upper lobe venous diversion, fluid in horizontal fissue, kerley B lines (small horizontal lines in the periphery due to fluid in the interlobular septae and pleural effusions)

A

Pulmonary oedema

49
Q

where are problems found in the lung at asbestosis?

A

base of the lung

50
Q

Type 1 diabetic presents with vomiting and not taking her insulin. Dehydrated and deep labored breathing

A

metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis)

51
Q

22 year old woman, weight loss, sputum, night sweats, tender well defined nodules on shins bilaterally

A

erythema nodosum

52
Q

Asthma spirometry readings (obstructive)

A
  • FVC normal - FEV1 reduced - FEV1/FVC ratio reduced (due to half of ratio being reduced)
53
Q

COPD spirometry readings (obstructive)

A
  • FVC reduced - FEV1 reduced - FEV1/FVC ratio normal (as both parts of the ratio have been reduced making it normal)
54
Q

Restrictive airway disease spirometry readings

A
  • FVC reduced - FEV1 reduced - FEV1/FVC ratio normal (as both parts of the ratio have been reduced making it normal)
55
Q

sheep farmer infection

A

coxiella burnetti

AB 1st Year Buzzwords (4 decks)

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