Respiratory Flashcards
stony dull to percussion
pleural effusion
right sided pleuritic chest pain
pneumonia
Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels Pleural effusion
pulmonary oedema
Ground-glass appearance on X-ray
Pulmonary fibrosis and Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the newborn (not enough surfactant)
Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli
TB
caseous necrosis
TB
Assmann Focus
Apical lesion of secondary tuberculous infection
spread of TB organism into bloodstream
Miliary Tuberculous
if spread via pulmonary artery, milliary dissemination into lungs
if spread via pulmonary vein, systemic dissemination into liver, spleen and kidneys
Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet
chlamydophila psittaci
Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water
Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)
Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana
probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss
Sarcoidosis
Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)
Bronchiectasis
D sign on X ray
empyema
Steeple sign on X ray
laryngotracheobronchitis/croup
Child with barking cough
croup
Pneumocystis pneumonia
HIV (treat with Co-tramoxazole [± prednisolone if severe])
Asthma + Nasal Polyps + Salicylate sensitivity
Samter’s triad
Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Red Jelly sputum
Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Mucoid sputum
Chlamydia psittaci
Rusty sputum
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)
classically from primary renal cell carcinoma
Morning headache
hypercapnia or Side effects of organic nitrates
ACTH secreting lung tumour
Small cell carcinoma of the lung.
Small-cell carcinoma are neuroendocrine, highly malignant, and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes.
PTH secreting lung tumour
Squamous cell carcinoma of lung
Increased serum ACE and Ca2+
Sarcoidosis
Eggshell calcification at hilar region
Silicosis
Acute management of Asthma
OSHIT MAN: Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask Salbutamol Nebulised back-to-back. Hydrocortisone IV or Prednisolone PO Ipratropium Bromide Nebulised hourly Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV Magnesium and call an Anaesthetist
Thumbprint sign on head x ray
epiglottitis
Inspiratory whoop/barking cough
pertussis
Snow storm appearance on x ray
baritosis, silicosis
Management of infective exacerbation of COPD
iSOAP
i - ipratropium
S - Salbutamol
O - Oxygen
A - amoxicillin
P - prednisoloneNon-smoker + lung cancer
(peripheral) adenocarcinoma
Squamous + Small-cell Lung cancers
CENTRAL
High d-dimers
suspect (but not diagnose) Pulmonary Embolism (send for CTPA or V/Q scan)
Low d-dimers
exclude Pulmonary Embolism
Large and small PE treatment
large PE is thrombolysis
small PE is low molecular weight heparin
Respiratory alkalosis
panic attack
Frank pus on aspiration
empyema
obstructive lung disease – raised eosinophils
asthma
obstructive lung disease – raised neutrophils
COPD
overnight nasal ventilation
Pickwickian disease
obese, sleep apnoea, hypercapnia
Guillian-Barre disease
disease which causes paralysis. Normally preceded by a strep. throat/infection of respiratory or GI tract
where are problems found in Coal workers pneumoconiosis?
problems found at the apex of the lung
CXR shows bilateral alveolar shadowing
Adult respiratory distress
CXR showing bats wings(perihilar shadowing), upper lobe venous diversion, fluid in horizontal fissue, kerley B lines (small horizontal lines in the periphery due to fluid in the interlobular septae and pleural effusions)
Pulmonary oedema
where are problems found in the lung at asbestosis?
base of the lung
Type 1 diabetic presents with vomiting and not taking her insulin. Dehydrated and deep labored breathing
metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis)
22 year old woman, weight loss, sputum, night sweats, tender well defined nodules on shins bilaterally
erythema nodosum
Asthma spirometry readings (obstructive)
- FVC normal - FEV1 reduced - FEV1/FVC ratio reduced (due to half of ratio being reduced)
COPD spirometry readings (obstructive)
- FVC reduced - FEV1 reduced - FEV1/FVC ratio normal (as both parts of the ratio have been reduced making it normal)
Restrictive airway disease spirometry readings
- FVC reduced - FEV1 reduced - FEV1/FVC ratio normal (as both parts of the ratio have been reduced making it normal)
sheep farmer infection
coxiella burnetti
