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Physiology Test 3 > Respiratory 5&6 > Flashcards

Respiratory 5&6 Flashcards

1
Q

Solubility coefficient of oxygen?

A

0.003 mL/mmHg/100mL of blood

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2
Q

Bulk of oxygen blood is carried bound to _____

A

hemoglobin

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3
Q

What does pO2 represent?

A

Amount of o2 dissolved in blood

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4
Q

Heme is an ____ ____ compound

A

iron-porphyrin

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5
Q

What does heme consist of?

A
  • Joined to progtein globin with 4 peptide chaines
  • 2 alpha and 2 beta (adult Hb of HbA)
  • Hemoglobin A is adult Hb, Hemoglobin F is fetal Hb, Hb S is Sickle cell Hb, and there are several other types that have differing affinities for Oxygen.
  • Abnormal Hemoglobins such as Sulfhemoglobin and Methemoglobin are not useful for O2 carriage.
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6
Q

What is oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin?

A

1.39 mL O2/g of Hb

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7
Q

Average Hb concentraiton in blood?

A

15 g/100 mL blood

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8
Q

What is O2 saturation?

A

Percentage of available sites that have O2 attached

Equation:

O__2 combined with Hb x 100

O2 capacity

  • O2 sat pO2 of 100 = 97.5%
  • O2 sat mixed venous with pO2 40= 75%
  • O2 sat in blood with pO2 26.5= 50% (called P50)
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9
Q

What does arterial oxygen content include?

A

Amount carried in blood (both dissolved O2 and O2 bound to hemoglobin)

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10
Q

How do you calculate arterial o2 content?

A

CaO2= (Hb x SaO2 x 1.34mL O2/g of Hb) + (paO2 x 0.003 mL/mmHg/100mL blood)

(per 100mL)

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11
Q

How do you calculate Oxygen Delivery?

A

Do2= CaO2 x CO x 10 (per L)

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12
Q

It is easier to raise O2 by _____ than by oxygen adminitration

A

increased Hb

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13
Q

What are some properties of oxygen dissociation curve?

A
  • Sigmoidal shape
  • Up to P50, steep so large amount of O2 taken up by tissues for relatively small drop in alveolar/arterial po2
  • Falt part at top, binding of O2 to Hb continues at low alveolar/arterial po2
  • Shift to left= avid binding, less release
  • Shift to right- less binding, easier release
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14
Q

What causes right shift?

A

Acidosis

Higher CO2

Higher temp

Higher 2-3 DPG

(CADET faces right)

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15
Q

What causes left shift?

A

Alkalosis

CO

Lower CO2

Lower temp

Lower 2-3 DPG

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16
Q

What is 2,3- DPG?

A
  • Allosteric effector of Hb affinity for oxygen
  • Binding decreases affinity promoting release
  • Synthesis of 2,3 -DPG is controlle dyb local pH as normal glycolytic pathway
  • High elevels of 2,3 DPG during pregnancy facilitate transfer of oxygen to fetal blood as fetal Hb is much less sensitive
17
Q

Exercising msucle is acidic, hypercarbic and hot. _____ unloading of O2 by a shift to right

A

Increasing

18
Q

2,3- DPG is ______ in face of chronic hypoxia, (such as high altitude, chronic lung disease)

A

Increased

This helps to shift curve to right and increase unloading of O2

19
Q

CO binds ____ to Hb. This means it is _____ to bind to O2. This causes shift to _____ thus interfering with unloading of O2.

A

avidly; unavailable; left

20
Q

What is impact of anemia and polycythemia?

A

In anemia, less hemoglobin to bind to O2 so O2 concentration in blood is decreaed, but it does not alter HBo2 saturation.

In polycythemia, theres an increase in Hb to bind, so increase in O2 concentration

21
Q

CO2 is how many times more soluble than O2?

A

20x

22
Q

How is CO2 carried in blood?

A
  • Dissolved (like O2). CO2 is 20 times more soluble and
    • 10% of CO2 is carried in blood
  • Bicarbonate forms as
    • CO2 +H2O –> H2CO3–> H + HCO3
    • 60% CO2 carried as bicarb
  • Carbamino
    • compounds formed by combination of CO2 with amine groups in blood proteins
    • 30% of CO2
23
Q

CO2 dissociation curve is more ____ than O2 dissocation

A

linear

24
Q

What is the haldane effect?

A

Presence of oxygenated Hb helps unload CO2 which can be breathed out.

25
Q

CO2 dissocation curve is steeper so for a smaller pressure change, what happens?

A

Larger change in CO2 concentration, compared to O2

26
Q
A
27
Q

Rise in paCO2 causes ____ in alveolar ventilation

A

increase

28
Q

How much carbonic acid does lung excrete/day? Kidneys?

A

LUngs= 10,000 mEq

Kidney= 100mEq/day

29
Q

Ideal ABG?

A

pH 7.35-7.45

pCO2= 50 (38-42)

BICARB= 24 (22-26)

Base excess= 0

PaO2= 95-100

Anion gap 10-15

30
Q

What is anion gap?

A

Sum of cations- sum of anions

(Na+K)-(Bicarb +Cl)

31
Q

When do you have increaesd anion gap?

A
  • DKA
  • Lactive acidosis
  • Uremia
  • Methyl alchol poisoning
32
Q

When can you have decreased Anion gap?

A

Heavy metal poisoning (lithium)

33
Q

Systematic approach to acid=pase analysis?

A

pH?

PaCO2

PaO2?

Bicarb?

change in pH for change in CO2 will help decide if acute/chronic

34
Q
A

Physiology Test 3 (9 decks)

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