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1st year > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of bronchiolitis

A

Grunting, sternal indrawing, cough, wheeze, fever

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2
Q

Cause of bronchiolitis

A

RSV

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3
Q

How is epiglottitis diagnosed?

A

Chocolate agar blood culture

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4
Q

Treatment for epiglottitis

A

Ceftriaxone

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5
Q

CURB65

A

Confusion less than 8/10
Urea over 7
RR over 30
BP 65 years

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6
Q

CURB65 0-2 points

A

Amoxicillin or Doxycyclin

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7
Q

CURB65 3-5 points

A

Co-amoxiclav + Clarithromycin or Doxycyclin

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8
Q

HAP severe

A

Amox Met Gen

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9
Q

Diagnosis of legionnaires

A

Urinary Ag

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10
Q

Pneumocystis carinii/jyroveci

A

pneumonia in AIDS patients

Co-trimoxazole

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11
Q

What cells secrete surfactant?

A

Type II cells

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12
Q

How to calculate pulmonary ventilation

A

TV x RR = 0.5 x 12 = 6L/min

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13
Q

Respiratory pacemaker

A

Pre-Botzinger complex

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14
Q

Which antibiotic for coliforms?

A

Gentamicin

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15
Q

Type of T cells in asthma and COPD

A

Asthma: CD4+
COPD: CD8+

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16
Q

Samter’s triad

A

Nasal polyps and recurrent infection
Asthma
Salicylate sensitivity

17
Q

Examples of type IV reaction

A

RA, T1DM, psoriasis, TB, sarcoid, transplant rejection

18
Q

Examples of type III reaction

A

SLE, farmer’s lung

19
Q

Cells in asthma vs. COPD

A

Asthma: eosinophils
COPD: neutrophils

20
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Sputum for 3 months, at least 2 years

21
Q

Why does emphysema occur?

A

Imbalance between protease and anti-protease

22
Q

a1 anti-trypsin deficiency

A

Emphysema and cirrhosis

23
Q

Squamous cell lung cancer secretes what hormone?

A

PTH

24
Q

Small cell lung cancer secretes what hormone?

A

ACTH

25
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Fixed dilation of bronchi
Fibrous scarring after infection
Obstruction, e.g. tumour

26
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Mineral dust exposure, occupational fibrosis

Coal worker’s lung, silicosis

27
Q

Transudate

A

low protein, HF/malnourished

28
Q

Exudate

A

high protein, pneumonia/TB/malignancy/RA

29
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

Hypoxaemic pulmonary vasoconstriction = increased afterload = RVH = RV dilation and failure

30
Q

Side effects of SABA

A

Tremor, tachycardia

31
Q

When should you do a CXR?

A

Cough >3 weeks

32
Q

Treatment for TB

A

RIPE 2 months

RE 4 months

33
Q

Side effects of TB treatment

A 
Hepatitis (Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide)
Red secretions (Rifampicin)
Visual disturbance (Ethambutol)
34
Q

Signs of sarcoid

A

Erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, arthritis, uveitis, fever

35
Q

Empyema

A

Pus in pleural space

D shaped opacity

1st year (5 decks)

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