Respiratory Flashcards
Disorders that contribute to COPD
Asthma
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Asthma
Smooth muscle spasm, inflammation and mucus production in bronchioles.
Asthma: pathogenesis
Mast cell breakdown to liberate proinflammatory substances (leukotrienes, bradykinins, histamines, prostaglandins).
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Asthma, aspirin & NSAIDS
May deregulate leukotrienes and increase asthma
COPD
Degenerative state involving significance of lung competence.
Reduced ventilation.
Difference between asthma and COPD
Asthma is reversible
Allergic rhinitis
Signs and symptoms (mostly nose and eyes) which occur in response to breathing in allergens.
Hay fever
Often coexists with asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Increased mucus activity and congestion
Productive cough
Degenerative changes to clearance functions of lungs
Cough for 3 months of the year over 2 years.
Emphysema
Degenerative condition in which large spaces develop in place of alveoli clusters.
Destruction of elastin protein
Antihistamines
Block histamine type 1 and 2 receptors.
Desloratidine
Fexofenadine
Diphenhydramine
Difference between drowsy and non-drowsy antihistamines.
Non-drowsy doesn’t cross BBB.
Antihistamines: adverse effects
Dizziness drowsiness
Nausea
Airway diameter can be constructed by
Inflammation
Hyperresponsiveness of air passage
Reflex bronchoconstriction
Drugs that increase airway diameter
Short-acting bronchodilators
Long-acting bronchodilators
Inhaled anticholinergics
Short-acting bronchodilators
Ex: salbutamol
Treats asthma & COPD
Binds to beta 2 adrenergic receptors
–> bronchdilation, mucous reduction
Short acting bronchodilators: adverse effects
Increased BP, dysrhythmias, hypokalemia (low K+)
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Increased seizure risk
Paradoxical bronchoconstriction
Short term bronchodilators: massage
Postural hypotension
No tapotement for asthma
Long acting bronchodilators
Ex. Formoterol, salmeterol
Bind to beta 2 receptors –> bronchodilation, mucous reduction
Asthma, COPD
Long acting bronchodilators: adverse effects
Less CV effect than short acting.
Hyperglycemia
Paradoxical bronchospasm
Inhaled anticholinergics
Used for COPD not asthma (cannot stop acut attack)
Decrease PNS so decrease mucous, increase bronchodilation
Tioteopium
Iprateopium
Inhaled anticholinergic: adverse effects
Paradoxical bronchospasm
Dysrhythmias (tachycardia)
Hypotension
Dry mouth
Urinary retention
Drugs that manage respiratory congestion
Inhaled corticosteroids
Decongestants
Inhaled corticosteroids
Fluticasone
Mometasone
Budesonide
Asthma, COPD
Like oral corticosteroids
Reduce inflammation,
Limited to respiratory tract
Inhaled corticosteroids: adverse effects
Hyperglycemia
Headache
