Respiratory 4 Flashcards
What is essential to maintain a high lung compliance?
Surfactant
Surfactant is produced by type _ alveolar cells
2
Surfactant amphipathic character:
Places itself at the surface of the alveolar lining fluid displacing water molecules and _________ surface tension
Reducing
Water drops attract themselves __________ the surface tension in the lung
Increasing
Deficiency of _______ in newborns leads to collapse of the alveoli and atelectasis
Surfactant
The ______ radius of a bubble the HIGHER the surface tension
Smaller
What is the force that impeded airflow along the respiratory tract?
R = airway resistance
The higher the length and smaller radius = _______ R
Greater
What determines the overall R in different segments of the airways and not the individual radius of each airway?
Cross-sectional area
The total cross-sectional area ________ towards periphery
Increases
Airflow in trachea and bronchi = ________ which is high velocity and lung sounds
Turbulent
Airflow in bronchioles = ______ which is low velocity and NO sounds
Laminar
Volume increases = stretching of the alveolar septa = _______ of the airway and decrease R
Dilation
What innervation is the following:
Circulating EPI acts on beta 2 adrenergic receptors —> dilation of the airways
Sympathetic innervation
What type of innervation:
Vagus nerve
ACh acts on muscarinic receptors —> narrowing of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
Parasympathetic innervation
