Capillaries&Fluid Exchange Part 2

Question 1

What is the most widespread type of capillary in the body?

Answer 1

Continuous capillaries

Question 2

What type of continuous capillary completes exchange by lipid-soluble substances?

Answer 2

Diffuse

Question 3

What type of continuous capillary:
Large enough to permit passage of water and of the small lipid-insoluble solutes, but not plasma protein molecules and blood cells?

Answer 3

Pores

Question 4

What type of continuous capillary:
Main route for the delivery of plasma proteins into the interstitial fluid, very slow compared to pores, extremely slow compared with diffusion?

Answer 4

Transcytosis

Question 5

What organ has continuous capillaries that:
The junctions between the endothelial cells are so tight that ions, glucose, and AA cannot pass through

Answer 5

Brain

Question 6

What does the brain capillary endothelial cells have that can perform facilitated diffusion or active transport?

Answer 6

Specialized transport proteins

Question 7

What type of capillaries have:
Capillaries >100nm in width, even plasma proteins (albumin and globulin can readily pass through)

Answer 7

Discontinuous capillaries

Question 8

Where are discontinuous capillaries found? 3 places

Answer 8

Liver, spleen, and bone marrow

Question 9

What capillaries are:
Typically 50-80nm which is larger than intercellular clefts of typical continuous capillaries but smaller than the clefts of discontinuous capillaries

Answer 9

Fenestrated

Question 10

What capillaries are found in places where large amounts of fluid and solutes must pass into or out of capillaries- such as GI tract, endocrine glands, and kidneys?

Answer 10

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 11

The rate of diffusional exchange depends on both prosperities of the substance:
Small, lipid- _______
Lipid-_________

Answer 11

Soluble
Insoluble

Question 12

What substances readily dissolve in the cell membranes of the endothelial cells that form the capillary wall and diffuse across endothelial cells?

Answer 12

Small, lipid-soluble

Question 13

What substances must pass through pores or clefts that exists between the endothelial cells and is SLOW?

Answer 13

Lipid-insoluble substances

Question 14

What law of diffusion is a simple math accounting of the physical factors that affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 14

Fick’s

Question 15

What vessel regulates the diffusion rate of capillaries?

Answer 15

Arterioles

Question 16

During rest, skeletal muscle arterioles cycle between closed and partially opened, at any one moment, blood flows through only about ___ of skeletal muscle capillaries

Answer 16

1/4

Question 17

During exercise, skeletal muscle arterioles ______, and more and more of them remain open on a “full-time” basis as the level of exercise increases

Question 18

Arteriole ____________ acts in these 3 ways to speed the delivery of oxygen and metabolic substrates to the exercising muscle cells:
1- area available for diffusion is increased
2- distance between each exercising skeletal muscle cell and the nearest open capillaries is decreased
3- driving force for the diffusion of oxygen and metabolic substrates is increased

Answer 18

vasodilation

Question 19

The same factors that increase the diffusion rates of oxygen and metabolic substrates during exercising also _______ the delivery of glucose and other nutrients as well as the removal of waste products

Answer 19

Increase