respiratory Flashcards
stony dull percussion
pleural effusion
right sided pleuritic chest pain
most likely pneumonia
alveolar bat wings
pulmonary oedema
ground-glass appearance on x-ray
pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
ziehl-neelson stain positive for acid fast bacilli
TB
caseous necrosis
TB
milliary TB spread
spread of TB through blood. if organism spreads via pulmonary artery miliary dissemination into the lung occurs.
if spreads via pulmonary vein, systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen, and kidneys
positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
goodpastures
chest infection with parrot/pigeons
caused by chlamydia psittaci
dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad (spain)
legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigen)
“tall thin man, indulges in weed”
pneumothorax = marfans
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
sarcoidosis
erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, iveitis and weight loss
sarcoid
signet ring sign
bronchiectasis (signet ring = bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole)
D sign on x-ray
empyema
‘steeple; sign on x-ray
laryngotracheobronchitis/croup
child with barking cough
croup
pneumocystis pneumonia
HIV (treat with co-trimoxazole [+/- prednisolone if severe])
asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity
samters triad
alcoholic with pneumonia
aspiration pneumonia = klebsiella pneumonia
red jelly sputum
klebsiella pneumonia
mucoid sputum
chlamydia psittaci
rusty sputum
pneumococcal pneumonia
cannonball mets (weight loss and haematuria)
primary renal cell carcinoma
morning headaches
hypercapnia or side effects of organic nitrates
ACTH secreting lung tumour
small cell carcinoma in lung
PTH secreting lung cancer
squamous cell carcinoma of lung
smal cell carcinoma
neuroendocrine, highly malignant, and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndrome
increased serum ACE and Ca2+
sarcoid
eggshell calcification at hilar region
silicosis
ghon focus is
an area of inection
ghon focus is
an area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung beneath the pleura - found in TB. If rupture through visceral pleura into pleural cavity will produce TB pleurisy
assman focus
apical lesion of secondary TB infection
‘coin lession’
rounded solitary lesion on x-ray. primary bronchial or lung carcinoma. metastatic tumour (esp kidney), carcinoma, granuloma, lung abscess
what can cause horners
pancoast tumour
acute management of asthma
OSHITMAN
Oxygen - 100% on non-rebreather
acute management of asthma
OSHITMAN
Oxygen - 100% on non-rebreather salbutamol - nebulised back to back hydrocortisone IV or prednisolone PO Ipratropium bromide nebulised hourly Theophyline IV or aminophylline IV Magnesium and call ANasthetist
thumbprint sign on head X-ray
epiglottitis
inspiratory whoop/barking cough
pertiussis
snow storm appearance on x-ray
silicosis
managment of infective exacerbation of COPD
iSOAP
i - ipratropium S - salbutamol O - oxygen A - amoxicillin P - prednisolone
non-smoker + lung cancer
(peripheral) adenocarcinoma
squamous + small cell cancer =
central
high D dimer
suspect (but not diagnose) PE, send for CTPA or V/Q scan
low d-dimer
excludes PE
large PE treatment
thrombolysis
small PE treatment
low molecular weight heparin
MONAC
Morphine - till pain stops Oxygen - 10L min Nitrates - 2 sprays sublingual Asprin - 300mg Clopidagrel - 600mg
CURB 65
Confusion 7mmol
Resp rate >30min
BP (systolic 65yrs
