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buzzwords > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

stony dull percussion

A

pleural effusion

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2
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

alveolar bat wings

A

pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

ground-glass appearance on x-ray

A

pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn

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5
Q

ziehl-neelson stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

milliary TB spread

A

spread of TB through blood. if organism spreads via pulmonary artery miliary dissemination into the lung occurs.
if spreads via pulmonary vein, systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen, and kidneys

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8
Q

positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

goodpastures

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9
Q

chest infection with parrot/pigeons

A

caused by chlamydia psittaci

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10
Q

dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad (spain)

A

legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigen)

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11
Q

“tall thin man, indulges in weed”

A

pneumothorax = marfans

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12
Q

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

A

sarcoidosis

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13
Q

erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, iveitis and weight loss

A

sarcoid

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14
Q

signet ring sign

A

bronchiectasis (signet ring = bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole)

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15
Q

D sign on x-ray

A

empyema

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16
Q

‘steeple; sign on x-ray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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17
Q

child with barking cough

A

croup

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18
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with co-trimoxazole [+/- prednisolone if severe])

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19
Q

asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

A

samters triad

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20
Q

alcoholic with pneumonia

A

aspiration pneumonia = klebsiella pneumonia

21
Q

red jelly sputum

A

klebsiella pneumonia

22
Q

mucoid sputum

A

chlamydia psittaci

23
Q

rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

24
Q

cannonball mets (weight loss and haematuria)

A

primary renal cell carcinoma

25
Q

morning headaches

A

hypercapnia or side effects of organic nitrates

26
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

small cell carcinoma in lung

27
Q

PTH secreting lung cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma of lung

28
Q

smal cell carcinoma

A

neuroendocrine, highly malignant, and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndrome

29
Q

increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

sarcoid

30
Q

eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

silicosis

31
Q

ghon focus is

A

an area of inection

32
Q

ghon focus is

A

an area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung beneath the pleura - found in TB. If rupture through visceral pleura into pleural cavity will produce TB pleurisy

33
Q

assman focus

A

apical lesion of secondary TB infection

34
Q

‘coin lession’

A

rounded solitary lesion on x-ray. primary bronchial or lung carcinoma. metastatic tumour (esp kidney), carcinoma, granuloma, lung abscess

35
Q

what can cause horners

A

pancoast tumour

36
Q

acute management of asthma

A

OSHITMAN

Oxygen - 100% on non-rebreather

37
Q

acute management of asthma

A

OSHITMAN

Oxygen - 100% on non-rebreather 
salbutamol - nebulised back to back 
hydrocortisone IV or prednisolone PO
Ipratropium bromide nebulised hourly 
Theophyline IV or aminophylline IV
Magnesium and call ANasthetist
38
Q

thumbprint sign on head X-ray

A

epiglottitis

39
Q

inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

pertiussis

40
Q

snow storm appearance on x-ray

A

silicosis

41
Q

managment of infective exacerbation of COPD

A

iSOAP

i - ipratropium 
S - salbutamol
O - oxygen 
A - amoxicillin 
P - prednisolone
42
Q

non-smoker + lung cancer

A

(peripheral) adenocarcinoma

43
Q

squamous + small cell cancer =

A

central

44
Q

high D dimer

A

suspect (but not diagnose) PE, send for CTPA or V/Q scan

45
Q

low d-dimer

A

excludes PE

46
Q

large PE treatment

A

thrombolysis

47
Q

small PE treatment

A

low molecular weight heparin

48
Q

MONAC

A 
Morphine - till pain stops
Oxygen - 10L min 
Nitrates - 2 sprays sublingual
Asprin - 300mg
Clopidagrel - 600mg
49
Q

CURB 65

A

Confusion 7mmol
Resp rate >30min
BP (systolic 65yrs

buzzwords (3 decks)

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