Respiratory Flashcards
How do H1 blockers work?
Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors.
What are the 1st generation H1 blockers?
- Diphenhydramine
- Dimenhydrinate
- Chlorpheniramine
Diphenhydramine
first generation H1 blocker
Dimenhydrinate
first generation H1 blocker
Chlorpheniramine
first generation H1 blocker
What are the clinical uses of 1st generation H1 blockers?
- Allergy
- Motion skickness
- sleep aid
What are first generation H1 blocker toxicities?
- sedation
- antimuscarinic
- anti alpha adrenergic
What are the 2nd generation H1 blockers?
- Loratadine
- Fexofenadine
- Desloratadine
- Cetirizine
What are the clinical uses of 2nd generation H1 blockers?
Allergy
What are the second generation H1 blocker toxicities?
Far less sedating than 1st generation because of ↓ entry into CNS.
Loratadine
2nd generation H1 blocker
Fexofenadine
2nd generation H1 blocker
Desloratadine
2nd generation H1 blocker
Cetirizine
2nd generation H1 blocker
Expectorant
- thins respiratory secretions - does not suppress cough reflex
Guaifenesin
Expectorant - thins respiratory secretions; does not suppress cough reflex.
N-acetylcystein
Mucolytic - can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients by disrupting disulfide bonds. Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose.
Dextromethorphan
Antitussive (antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors).
Synthetic codeine analog. Has mild opioid effect when used in excess. Naloxone can be given for overdose. Mild abuse potential. May cause serotonin syndrome if combined with other serotonergic agents.
Antitussive (antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors). Synthetic codeine analog. Has mild opioid effect when used in excess. Naloxone can be given for overdose. Mild abuse potential. May cause serotonin syndrome if combined with other serotonergic agents.
Dextromethorphan
Mucolytic - can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients by disrupting disulfide bonds. Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose.
N-acetylcystein
Expectorant - thins respiratory secretions; does not suppress cough reflex.
Guaifenesin
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine mechanism
α-adrenergic agonists, used as nasal decongestants
α-adrenergic agonists, used as nasal decongestants
pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine clinical use
- reduce hyperemia, edema, nasal congestion
- open obstructed eustachian tubes
Pseudoephedrine also illicitly used to make methamphetamine.