Respiratory

Question 1

Acute stridor

Causes

Answer 1

Croup
Foreign body
Epiglottitis

Question 2

Croup

Age group

Answer 2

6 months to 6 years

Commonly 2 years of age

Question 3

Croup

Organism

Answer 3

Parainfluenza

Question 4

Croup

Presentation

Answer 4

Barking cough, inspiratory stridor, increased WOB, substernal retraction

Question 5

Croup

Management

Answer 5

Limit handling
Supportive therapy (analgesia, IV fluids)
May need steroids (oral, IV or nebulised)
Can use adrenaline but associated with rebound ‘crash’

Question 6

Foreign body

Investigations and findings

Answer 6

X-ray - foreign body and paradoxical hyperinflation

Question 7

Epiglottisis

Age group

Answer 7

1-6 years

Common at 18 months

Question 8

Epiglottitis

Organism

Answer 8

H. influenzae B

Question 9

Epiglottitis

Clinical Presentation

Answer 9

Toxic looking, stridor, drooling

Question 10

Epiglottitis

Management

Answer 10

Don’t do anything until someone who can intubate is present

Question 11

Chronic stridor

Causes

Answer 11

Laryngomalacia

Subglottic stenosis

Question 12

Laryngomalacia

Answer 12

Caused by floppy larynx
Noisy breathing when crying or upset but absent when sleeping and settled
Self limiting by 12 months

Question 13

Bronchiolitis

Age group

Answer 13

Often <6 months

Question 14

Bronchiolitis

Organism

Answer 14

RSV

Question 15

Bronchiolitis

Clinical Features

Answer 15

Recent URTI in last 2-3 days
Wheezing
Increased WOB
Poor feeding
Apnoeas

Question 16

Bronchiolitis

Management

Answer 16

Supportive - oxygen, IV fluids
Feeding smaller volumes more frequently, NGT may be required
Prevention for high risk babies (prematurity, congenital heart disease, immunocompromised) with monoclonal antibody given monthly by IM injection