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Pediatric Growth And Deveolpment > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

A child’s respiratory tract is narrower than an adult’s until what age?

A

5 years

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2
Q

Young infants are what kind of nose breathers?

A

Obligatory nose breathers

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3
Q

Normal pH range

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

Normal HCO3

A

22-26

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5
Q

Normal PaO2

A

80-100

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6
Q

Normal PaCO2

A

35-45

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7
Q

If CO2 is high/low what is root cause?

A

Respiratory

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8
Q

If HCO3 is high/low what is root cause?

A

Metabolic

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9
Q

What does “ROME” stand for?

A

Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal

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10
Q

Why do infants frequently get otitis media?

A

Infants have shorter, wider, and less angular canals

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11
Q

(5) ways to prevent otitis media

A

1) breast feed for 1st 6 months 2) Feed in upright position 3)reduce or stop paci use after 6 months 4)vaccinate 5) avoid smoke exposure

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12
Q

Asthma can be cured. T/F

A

False Asthma can only be controlled

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13
Q

What is the leading cause of chronic illness in children?

A

Asthma

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14
Q

Astma is chronic inflammation of airways caused by,________________.

A

increased reaction of airways to various stimuli.

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15
Q

What is chronic Asthma?

A

1) Inflammation 2) Hypersensitivity to triggers

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16
Q

What is acute Asthma?

A

1) Swelling of airways 2) mucus production

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17
Q

What is the result of a bronchospasm?

A

narrowing of airways

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18
Q

What are two examples of bronchodialators commonly used in individualized management plans for asthma?

A

Zopenex/Albuterol

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19
Q

It is important to tell parents and children to do what after they use their MDI for steroids?

A

Wash their mouth out

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20
Q

What type of sports are good for children with Asthma?

A

Endurance sports (soccer, tennis, volleyball)

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21
Q

What sport should children with asthma refrain from?

A

Swimming, because of chemical irritants

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22
Q

When should a child be instructed to use their MDI regarding sports?

A

15-20 min prior to exercise.

23
Q

Define bronchiolitis

A

Lower respiratory infection causing obstruction of small airways (bronchioles)

24
Q

How is bronchiolitis spread?

A

Contact

25
Q

How long does RSV live on surfaces?

A

1-6 hours

26
Q

How long does RSV line on skin?

A

30 min.

27
Q

How long is a child contagious with bronchiolitis?

A

When secretions are present and up to 14 days after start of symptoms

28
Q

What is the incubation period for bronchiolitis?

A

5-8 days

29
Q

Which children are at high risk for bronchiolitis?

A

Infants with hx of prematurity, infants less than 6 months of age, infants in day care.

30
Q

Common interventions for children with bronchiolitis?

A

Suction before feeding, small frequent feeds, elevate HOB, increase fluids (IV/oral), Oxygen supplement, PPD, neb

31
Q

What is the most common way that a child with carbon monoxide presents?

A

ROSEY perfusion, dull headache,

32
Q

How do you treat carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

Give oxygen

33
Q

What causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

A

ventilatory support with high positive airway pressure and oxygen with in first 2 weeks of life

34
Q

What are three common complications of bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

A

1)respiratory incufficiency 2) lower respiratory tract infections 3)hypertention

35
Q

What is a common heart problem caused by bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

A

Right sided heart failure

36
Q

What age child does croup affect?

A

5 and under

37
Q

What are the common symptoms of croup?

A

1) seal bark 2)brassy cough 3) inspiratory stidor (usually starts during the night and is viral induced)

38
Q

What is a possible outcome of croup?

A

Swelling or obstruction of lrynx

39
Q

Name 5 interventions for pt with croup:

A

1) cool mist/hot shower 2) conservation of energy 3) racemic epi 4) corticosteroids 5 fluid/electrolyte administration

40
Q

How is cystic fibrosis dx?

A

sweat chloride test

41
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Autosomal recessive disorder of exocrine glands, causes thick mucous and increase in organic and enzymatic properties of saliva.

42
Q

What is the cause of multiple bacterial infections in cystic fibrosis patients?

A

thick bronchial mucus with decreased ciliary action.

43
Q

Which two infections are especially worrisome in cystic fibrosis patients?

A

Pseudomonas/ Burkholderia(worst)

44
Q

What gastrointestinal complication arises in 7-10% of newborns with CF?

A

Meconium illeus

45
Q

What are common gastrointestinal complications in CF patients?

A

Everything gets blocked/backed up, intestines, pancreatic ducts (causing increase in diabetes type 1), increase in LFTs and Gall stones.

46
Q

How many stools/day is goal for CF pt?

A

2-3 stools/day

47
Q

What additional supplements do CF pt receive to help with digestion and absorption of fats?

A

Vitamins ADEK, with a high calorie high protein diet

48
Q

True or False: It is important to give cough suppressants to CF pt?

A

False, coughing is good!

49
Q

How do you prevent epiglottitis?

A

Hib vaccine

50
Q

What is the cause of epiglotitis?

A

H. Influenza

51
Q

How does epiglotitis present itself?

A

Rapid onset cough, then, stidor, then distress, pt sits in tripod position and drools.

52
Q

Which bronch is usually the place aspiration occurs?

A

Right

53
Q

Which object is listed as highest risk for aspiration?

A

Beans

54
Q

In trach care what is the #1 rule for suction?

A

Do not suction longer than trach!

Pediatric Growth And Deveolpment (7 decks)

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