Respiratory

Question 1

Describe stertor:

Answer 1

A discontinuous, low-pitched fluttering sound usually originating from the nasopharyngeal meatus.

Question 2

Describe stridor:

Answer 2

A continuous high-pitched inspiratory sound, usually due to narrowing of the larynx or extra-thoracic trachea. May be exacerbated by high airway flows.

Question 3

What breed has an autosomal dominant trait resulting in Wallerian degeneration of the recurrent laryngeal nerves and abnormalities of the nucleus ambiguus?

Answer 3

Bouvier des Flandres

Question 4

What variant is a major genetic risk for early-onset LP in miniature Bull Terriers?

Answer 4

RAPGEF6

Question 5

What is the mode of inheritance for LP in Siberian Huskies and Alaskan Malamutes?

Answer 5

Autosomal recessive

Question 6

A missense variant in what gene is associated with LP-polyneuropathy in Leonbergers and Saint Bernards?

Answer 6

CNTNAP1

Question 7

Describe the features of congenital laryngeal disease of Norwich terriers:

Answer 7

• Excessive supraglottic tissue
• Laryngeal collapse
• Everted laryngeal saccules
• Narrowed laryngeal openings

Question 8

What are the stages of laryngeal collapse?

Answer 8

1 - Eversion of laryngeal saccules
2- Collapse of cuneiform processes and ventromedial collapse of aryepiglottic folds
3 - Cornciculate processes collapse towards midline

Question 9

What parasites cause tracheal granulomas?

Answer 9

Oslerus osleri (dogs)
Cuterebrosis (cats)

Question 10

What are the criteria for diagnosis of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 10

1 - >2 months of coughing
2 - Evidence of mucus hypersecretion
3 - Exclusion of other chronic cardiopulmonary diseases

Question 11

What antibiotic class carries a risk of theophylline toxicosis when administered concurrently?

Answer 11

Fluoroquinolones

Question 12

Which breeds have an autosomal recessive mutation causing PCD?

Answer 12

Old English Sheepdogs
Malamutes

Question 13

Define bronchiectasis:

Answer 13

An abnormal permanent dilatation and distortion of subsegmental airways resulting from chronic inflammation that damages elastic components of the bronchi, leading to bronchial wall destruction and impaired clearance of respiratory secretions.

Question 14

Which bacteria is associated with necrotising haemorrhagic pneumonia?

Answer 14

Strep equi zooepidemicus

Question 15

Overrepresented breeds for histiocytic sarcoma?

Answer 15

Bernese Mountain Dog
Flat Coats
Golden Retrievers
Miniature Schnauzers
Pembroke Corgis
Rottweilers