Respiratory

Question 1

Organisms associated with bronchiectasis

Answer 1

Haemophilus influenzae (most common)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella spp.
Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 2

What is bronchiectasis

Answer 2

permanent dilatation of the airways secondary to chronic infection or inflammation

Question 3

I 8 10 Eggs At 12

Answer 3

I = IVC 8=T8
10=T10 Eggs= oesophagus and vagal trunk
At = aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein 12=T12

Question 4

What level does the trachea bifurcate

Answer 4

T5

Question 5

Otosclerosis

Answer 5

abnormal bone remodelling of stapes, malleus and incus
conductive hearing loss
hearing aid, stapedectomy

Question 6

Most common type of lung cancer

Answer 6

adenocarcinoma

Question 7

keeps the diaphragm alive

Answer 7

C3,4,5

Question 8

features of suspected laryngeal cancer

Answer 8

persistent hoarse voice
unexplained neck lump

Question 9

physiological response to hypoxia

Answer 9

pulmonary artery vasoconstriction

Question 10

increased lung compliance

Answer 10

Causes of increased compliance -
age
emphysema - this is due to loss alveolar walls and associated elastic tissue

Question 11

decreased lung compliance

Answer 11

Causes of decreased compliance -
pulmonary oedema
pulmonary fibrosis
pneumonectomy
kyphosis